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目的:探究不同年份大学生艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为及其影响因素的变化情况,为今后开展针对性健康教育提供参考。方法:分别于2006年和2016年在北京市采用分层整群抽样方法选取大学生进行问卷调查,调查人数分别为1 800人和3 001人。调查问卷内容包括人口学特征、艾滋病相关知识、艾滋病相关态度、性行为及相关高危行为情况、安全套使用意向、艾滋病健康教育情况。结果:与2006年相比较,2016年大学生艾滋病知识平均分有所下降[(12.78±1.95)vs.(11.90±2.56),t=12.91,P<0.05],各题知晓率均有所下降。除安全套使用信念外,2016年大学生艾滋病相关态度和自我效能得分均低于2006年。与2006年相比,2016年有过性行为的大学生中,金钱(物品)交易性行为的发生率有所上升[6.53%(16/245)vs.17.65%(33/187),χ~2=13.003,P<0.001],同性性行为的发生率有所上升[4.13%(10/242)vs.15.43%(29/188),χ~2=16.356,P<0.001]。与2006年相比,2016年接触色情信息的主要途径由书籍变为网络(41.15%)。2016年大学生安全套使用意向的影响因素为男性(OR=0.713)、安全套购买自我效能(OR=0.876)、大学前未接受过性教育(OR=0.752)、安全套使用自我效能(OR=1.135)、安全套使用信念(OR=1.775)以及对艾滋病患者的态度(OR=1.136)。结论:大学生艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为已发生改变,艾滋病健康教育应在当前大学生特点上深入开展,注重培养大学生正确的性观念和性责任,加强大学生自我保护意识。
Objective: To explore the changes of AIDS related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and influential factors among college students in different years and to provide reference for future health education. Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was adopted in 2006 and 2016 in Beijing to select undergraduates for questionnaire survey, with the survey numbers of 1 800 and 3 001 respectively. Questionnaire content includes demographic characteristics, AIDS related knowledge, AIDS related attitude, sexual behavior and related high-risk behavior, condom use intention, AIDS health education. Results: Compared with 2006, the average score of HIV / AIDS among college students decreased in 2016 (12.78 ± 1.95 vs. 11.90 ± 2.56, t = 12.91, P <0.05). In addition to condom use beliefs, the scores of AIDS related attitudes and self-efficacy of undergraduates in 2016 were lower than those of 2006. Compared with 2006, the incidence of money (goods) trades among sex students increased in 2016 [6.53% (16/245) vs.17.65% (33/187), χ ~ 2 = 13.003, P <0.001]. The incidence of same-sex sexual behaviors increased in some cases (4.13% (10/242) vs.15.43% (29/188), χ ~ 2 = 16.356, P <0.001]. Compared with 2006, the main access to pornographic information in 2016 changed from books to the internet (41.15%). The factors influencing the condom use intention of college students in 2016 were male (OR = 0.713), self-efficacy of condom purchase (OR = 0.876), sex before college (OR = 0.752), self-efficacy of condom use (OR = Condom use belief (OR = 1.775) and attitude towards AIDS patients (OR = 1.136). Conclusion: AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of college students have changed. The AIDS health education should be carried out on the characteristics of current college students, focusing on cultivating the correct sexual attitudes and responsibilities of college students and strengthening the awareness of college students’ self-protection.