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摘要:“as”这个词极其活跃,它在句中的使用率和使用范围之广是其他词所不及的。本文试对其各种用法归纳分类，以供参考。
关键词：as 用法
“as”的用法，笔者认为可以分关系代词、关系副词、指示代词、连词和介词五种，作指示代词用的“as”只出现于“as……as”句型，其中第一个“as”为指示代词，用法简单。但“as”作关系代词、连词、介词等时却极其复杂。另包含有“as”的成语和谚语更是不胜枚举。
一、“as”作关系代词
(一)“as”与别的词搭配用作关系代词
“as”常与“the same、such、so、as”等词搭配，构成“the same……as、such……as、so……as、as……as”之类句型。在下列句型中，都有一个代词或名词作“as”的先行词、主语、宾语、表语。如：
①The people here are already not the same as they were before.
②Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
③Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.
④I have the same opinion as you.
(二)“as”单独作关系代词
“as”单独作关系代词时，它的先行词的情况比较复杂，它可以代表有关分句中的一种行为概念、一个相类似的名词或名词词组、形容词所表达的概念、一个分词所表达的概念、有关分句所表达的整个概念。如：
①To write a dull book，as any poor writer could do，was unworthy of him.
②The large-hearted and large-mined men are apt to be.
③She think her answer correct，as（=correct）it probably is.
④Absorbed as he was in a mathematical problem，he did not notice my enter-ing the room.
⑤As you might not realize，he really can’t lend you the money.
特别应注意，当“as”或“which”引导整个分句、整个谓语或述谓成份为先行项的非谓限制性关系分句时，其用法有以下几种情况：
（1）“which”和“as”都可以在svc／sv关系分句中作主语或主补，在svo关系分句中作宾语这样的结构中两者可以交替使用。如：
①He married her，as／which was nature.
②He is fond of music ，which／as I,m glad to hear.
（2）在svo关系分句中作主语时，通常要用“which”，而不用“as”。如：
He saw the girl，which delighted him.
（3）“as”虽可作关系代词，但仍然多少保留“理由”“比较”“方式”“等同”等意义，而关系代词“which”没有这些意义。另外，由“as”引导的关系分句通常在意义上不可与主句相悖，而且一般是有肯定词，对主句意义起辅助作用，表示“正如”等意义；而“which”分句则受此限，但“as”引导的关系分句有时也可能带有否定词，且这种分句常可作正面解释，对主语意义仍起相辅作用。“as”分句位置比较固定，通常位于句尾，不可移至句首。如：
①Mummy treats me just like a baby.(不用as)
②She has married again，which was unexpected.（不用as）
③He really can’t lend you the money，as you minght not realize.(起辅助作用)
二、“as”作关系副词和不定关系副词
这种用法的“as”常出现于“the same……as、such……as、as……as、so……as”句型中。
（1）“as”用作关系副词引导比较状语从句，如：
①She dances in so graceful a manner as her sister does.
②He worked as fast as a skilled worker.
（2）“as”用作不定关系副词，引导表语从句或宾补从句，如：
①This is as it should be.
②Leave the children as they are.
③Let’s keep it as it is.
三、“as”在一定句型中跟他词搭配或者单独作连词
(一) “as”在“such……as、so……as、as……as”句型中用作连接词引导状语从句或“such as”引导同位语从句
（1）He is not such a fool as not to be able to see that.(程度状语)
（2）She spoke so loudly as to be heard by all in the auditorium.(目的状语)
（3）I require books of reference,such as a giammar,a dictionary.(同位语)
注：作同位语时“such as”之前常用逗号隔开，否则会与定语从句相混淆。如：Dictionaries such as those are very valuable.(定语从句)
(二)“as”单独使用或跟别的词构成的复合连接词引导状语从句，表示各种概念
1.表示时间（time）
常用的与“as”有关的短语有“as、as soon as、so（as）long as、as often as”等，如：
As soon as he comes,I’11 tell him about it.
2.表示方式（manner）
常用的有“as、as if、as though”等，如：
We must do the exercises as the teachers told us.
3.表示原因（cause）
如：As he was not well,I went there alone.
4.表示条件（condition）
常用的有“so long as、as long as”等，如：
You can go out,as long as you promise to be back before 11 o’oclock.
5.表示程度（degree）范围
常用的有“so far as、as far as”等，如：
①As far as I know,she has little experience in this respect.
②I’11 help you as far as I can.
6.表示让步（concession）
常用的有“as、though”等，如：
①Shild as he is ,he can tell black from white.
②Young as he is ,be is equal to the task.
③Surrounded as we were by the enemy,we managed to march forward.
7.表示类比（parallelism）
常用的有“as、according as、in proportion as”等，如：
①You will be praised or blamed,according as your work is good or bad.
②Generally speaking,a man will succeed in proportion as he exerts himself.
以上七种，均为单独使用“as”或同其他词搭配的“as”作从属连词的用法。另“as”和“as well as”搭配起来可作等立连词。如：
①I don’t lie as well as you.你撒谎，我可不撒谎。
②I，as well as you,don，t lie.我跟你一样，也不撒谎。
用“A as well as B”这一句型时要注意三点：①A和B可以代表各种各样的同等成份；②重点在A，而不在B；③“as well as”在否定句中地位和标点不同时，全句意义也就不同。
四、“as”单独或跟别的词语搭配作介词
“as”用作介词，可以分为简单介词和复合介词：
（一）简单介词：根据介词所起的作用，大致可分为状语、定语、宾补和表语四类
1.状语
如：As a teacher of English,he has no equal.(原因)
I have come here as a journalist.(方式)
2.定语
如：She has got a position as a tescher of English.
3.宾补
如：①He treats me as an intimate friend.
②I considered the problem as settled.
4.表语
如：I’ll act as an interpreter.
（二）由as引出的复合介词，常用的有“as far、as to、as from、as of、as against、as regards”等
如：①As for me,I think I，d rather stay at home.
②As to that matter,I don，t believe it at all.
③The earth is small as against(与……相比)the sun.
④As redgards(关于)that matter,I have no objection.
五、与“as”有关的各种惯用短语习惯表达法
常用的习惯表达方式有“as good as、as well、as soon”等，这些表达方式可用来作状语等。
（一）作状语
1．as good as 实际上
He is as good as dead already.他实际上已经死了。
2．as well“不妨”“同样”“也”
“as well”作“也”解时，常与“and”或“but”搭配使用，此外还可以跟“may”或“might”搭配表示“等于”“不妨”等。如：
①I can do it as well .
②You might as well begin at once.
③I’m going to London and my sister,s coming as well.
3．as soon(as not)情愿=more willingly
如：He would go there sa soon as not.
4．(just)as soon宁愿=would rather
如：①I would(just)as soon go for a walk.
②I’d(just)as soon not go to the cinema tonight.
5.not so much as 甚至没=not even
如：She did not so much as glance at him.
6.as ofter as not常常 =very frequently
如：During the holiday season the trains are packed more ofter than(as)not.
7.as the crow flies笔直 =in a straight line
如：It is not more than thirty miles from London as the crow flies.
（二）作插入语
以下“as”用作插入语，实际上都同时具有状语的作用，但有其明显的特点：①在句中的位置比较自由，插前、插后或居中均可；②通常用逗号与句中其他部分隔开，在句中可有可无。去掉它，句子依然存在，且意义不变。如：
①As a rule(通常),we get up about 6 o’clock.
②As a matte of course(理所当然)，I like English very much.
③As a matter of fact(事实上)，John is an honest man.
④As a matter of routine(按照常规)，a contract must be signed by the two parties concerned before it comes into force.
⑤As a starter(首先)，I’d like to give you a talk about the nature of translation.
⑥This book gives,as it were（可以说是），a vivid picture of the Chinese revolulion.
（三）作定语
1．As many:同数=the same number of
如：He made fine mistakes in as many lines.
I waited for ten minutes ,they seemed as many hours.
2．as many as 数词：（整整，多达……）
如：I have been living here for as many as twenty–eight years.
（作者单位：江西交通职业技术学院 ）
关键词：as 用法
“as”的用法，笔者认为可以分关系代词、关系副词、指示代词、连词和介词五种，作指示代词用的“as”只出现于“as……as”句型，其中第一个“as”为指示代词，用法简单。但“as”作关系代词、连词、介词等时却极其复杂。另包含有“as”的成语和谚语更是不胜枚举。
一、“as”作关系代词
(一)“as”与别的词搭配用作关系代词
“as”常与“the same、such、so、as”等词搭配，构成“the same……as、such……as、so……as、as……as”之类句型。在下列句型中，都有一个代词或名词作“as”的先行词、主语、宾语、表语。如：
①The people here are already not the same as they were before.
②Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.
③Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.
④I have the same opinion as you.
(二)“as”单独作关系代词
“as”单独作关系代词时，它的先行词的情况比较复杂，它可以代表有关分句中的一种行为概念、一个相类似的名词或名词词组、形容词所表达的概念、一个分词所表达的概念、有关分句所表达的整个概念。如：
①To write a dull book，as any poor writer could do，was unworthy of him.
②The large-hearted and large-mined men are apt to be.
③She think her answer correct，as（=correct）it probably is.
④Absorbed as he was in a mathematical problem，he did not notice my enter-ing the room.
⑤As you might not realize，he really can’t lend you the money.
特别应注意，当“as”或“which”引导整个分句、整个谓语或述谓成份为先行项的非谓限制性关系分句时，其用法有以下几种情况：
（1）“which”和“as”都可以在svc／sv关系分句中作主语或主补，在svo关系分句中作宾语这样的结构中两者可以交替使用。如：
①He married her，as／which was nature.
②He is fond of music ，which／as I,m glad to hear.
（2）在svo关系分句中作主语时，通常要用“which”，而不用“as”。如：
He saw the girl，which delighted him.
（3）“as”虽可作关系代词，但仍然多少保留“理由”“比较”“方式”“等同”等意义，而关系代词“which”没有这些意义。另外，由“as”引导的关系分句通常在意义上不可与主句相悖，而且一般是有肯定词，对主句意义起辅助作用，表示“正如”等意义；而“which”分句则受此限，但“as”引导的关系分句有时也可能带有否定词，且这种分句常可作正面解释，对主语意义仍起相辅作用。“as”分句位置比较固定，通常位于句尾，不可移至句首。如：
①Mummy treats me just like a baby.(不用as)
②She has married again，which was unexpected.（不用as）
③He really can’t lend you the money，as you minght not realize.(起辅助作用)
二、“as”作关系副词和不定关系副词
这种用法的“as”常出现于“the same……as、such……as、as……as、so……as”句型中。
（1）“as”用作关系副词引导比较状语从句，如：
①She dances in so graceful a manner as her sister does.
②He worked as fast as a skilled worker.
（2）“as”用作不定关系副词，引导表语从句或宾补从句，如：
①This is as it should be.
②Leave the children as they are.
③Let’s keep it as it is.
三、“as”在一定句型中跟他词搭配或者单独作连词
(一) “as”在“such……as、so……as、as……as”句型中用作连接词引导状语从句或“such as”引导同位语从句
（1）He is not such a fool as not to be able to see that.(程度状语)
（2）She spoke so loudly as to be heard by all in the auditorium.(目的状语)
（3）I require books of reference,such as a giammar,a dictionary.(同位语)
注：作同位语时“such as”之前常用逗号隔开，否则会与定语从句相混淆。如：Dictionaries such as those are very valuable.(定语从句)
(二)“as”单独使用或跟别的词构成的复合连接词引导状语从句，表示各种概念
1.表示时间（time）
常用的与“as”有关的短语有“as、as soon as、so（as）long as、as often as”等，如：
As soon as he comes,I’11 tell him about it.
2.表示方式（manner）
常用的有“as、as if、as though”等，如：
We must do the exercises as the teachers told us.
3.表示原因（cause）
如：As he was not well,I went there alone.
4.表示条件（condition）
常用的有“so long as、as long as”等，如：
You can go out,as long as you promise to be back before 11 o’oclock.
5.表示程度（degree）范围
常用的有“so far as、as far as”等，如：
①As far as I know,she has little experience in this respect.
②I’11 help you as far as I can.
6.表示让步（concession）
常用的有“as、though”等，如：
①Shild as he is ,he can tell black from white.
②Young as he is ,be is equal to the task.
③Surrounded as we were by the enemy,we managed to march forward.
7.表示类比（parallelism）
常用的有“as、according as、in proportion as”等，如：
①You will be praised or blamed,according as your work is good or bad.
②Generally speaking,a man will succeed in proportion as he exerts himself.
以上七种，均为单独使用“as”或同其他词搭配的“as”作从属连词的用法。另“as”和“as well as”搭配起来可作等立连词。如：
①I don’t lie as well as you.你撒谎，我可不撒谎。
②I，as well as you,don，t lie.我跟你一样，也不撒谎。
用“A as well as B”这一句型时要注意三点：①A和B可以代表各种各样的同等成份；②重点在A，而不在B；③“as well as”在否定句中地位和标点不同时，全句意义也就不同。
四、“as”单独或跟别的词语搭配作介词
“as”用作介词，可以分为简单介词和复合介词：
（一）简单介词：根据介词所起的作用，大致可分为状语、定语、宾补和表语四类
1.状语
如：As a teacher of English,he has no equal.(原因)
I have come here as a journalist.(方式)
2.定语
如：She has got a position as a tescher of English.
3.宾补
如：①He treats me as an intimate friend.
②I considered the problem as settled.
4.表语
如：I’ll act as an interpreter.
（二）由as引出的复合介词，常用的有“as far、as to、as from、as of、as against、as regards”等
如：①As for me,I think I，d rather stay at home.
②As to that matter,I don，t believe it at all.
③The earth is small as against(与……相比)the sun.
④As redgards(关于)that matter,I have no objection.
五、与“as”有关的各种惯用短语习惯表达法
常用的习惯表达方式有“as good as、as well、as soon”等，这些表达方式可用来作状语等。
（一）作状语
1．as good as 实际上
He is as good as dead already.他实际上已经死了。
2．as well“不妨”“同样”“也”
“as well”作“也”解时，常与“and”或“but”搭配使用，此外还可以跟“may”或“might”搭配表示“等于”“不妨”等。如：
①I can do it as well .
②You might as well begin at once.
③I’m going to London and my sister,s coming as well.
3．as soon(as not)情愿=more willingly
如：He would go there sa soon as not.
4．(just)as soon宁愿=would rather
如：①I would(just)as soon go for a walk.
②I’d(just)as soon not go to the cinema tonight.
5.not so much as 甚至没=not even
如：She did not so much as glance at him.
6.as ofter as not常常 =very frequently
如：During the holiday season the trains are packed more ofter than(as)not.
7.as the crow flies笔直 =in a straight line
如：It is not more than thirty miles from London as the crow flies.
（二）作插入语
以下“as”用作插入语，实际上都同时具有状语的作用，但有其明显的特点：①在句中的位置比较自由，插前、插后或居中均可；②通常用逗号与句中其他部分隔开，在句中可有可无。去掉它，句子依然存在，且意义不变。如：
①As a rule(通常),we get up about 6 o’clock.
②As a matte of course(理所当然)，I like English very much.
③As a matter of fact(事实上)，John is an honest man.
④As a matter of routine(按照常规)，a contract must be signed by the two parties concerned before it comes into force.
⑤As a starter(首先)，I’d like to give you a talk about the nature of translation.
⑥This book gives,as it were（可以说是），a vivid picture of the Chinese revolulion.
（三）作定语
1．As many:同数=the same number of
如：He made fine mistakes in as many lines.
I waited for ten minutes ,they seemed as many hours.
2．as many as 数词：（整整，多达……）
如：I have been living here for as many as twenty–eight years.
（作者单位：江西交通职业技术学院 ）