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目的分析常德市2009-2011年手足口病的流行病学和病原学特征,探讨手足口病发病时间的规律,为手足口病的防治提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对手足口病流行特征进行统计,采用圆形分布法对手足口病发病时间的季节性趋势进行分析。结果常德市2009-2011年手足口病平均发病率为125.45/10万,重症332例,死亡3例,4-7月报告病例占全年总数的66.27%,德山、武陵区、临澧县、鼎城区年发病率高于常德市年平均发病水平,男性发病率(156.75/10万)高于女性(93.21/10万),94.67%的病例集中在出生6个月后至5岁期间,以散居及幼托儿童为主,普通和重症手足口病例中病原类型构成差异有统计学意义,相对于普通病例,重症患者EV71、CoxA16和其它病原类型的RR值分别为:4.67、0.24、0.42;手足口病的发生时间具有一定的集中性,手足口病例发病高峰日期为6月10日,高峰时期为3月22日-8月28日(159 d)。手足口重症的发生时间具有很强的集中性,发病高峰日期为5月26日,高峰时期为4月9日-7月11日(93 d)。结论常德市手足口病的流行具有明显的地区、性别、年龄差异,出生6个月后至5岁儿童是重点人群,手足口病及重症的发生时间具有季节性特点,应针对当地手足口病高峰时期进行有针对性的防控。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Changde City from 2009 to 2011 and to explore the regularity of the onset time of hand-foot-mouth disease and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease. Seasonal distribution of hand-foot-mouth disease onset was analyzed by circular distribution method. Results The average incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease in Changde from 2009 to 2011 was 125.45 / lakh, including 332 severe cases and 3 deaths. The reported cases in April-July accounted for 66.27% of the total. Deksan, Wuling District, Linqu County, The annual incidence of Dingcheng District was higher than that of Changde City. The incidence of male was higher than that of female (156.75 / 100000), female (93.21 / 100000). The cases of 94.67% were from 6 months after birth to 5 years old Diathesis and child care. The differences of pathogen types in common and severe HFMD cases were statistically significant. Compared with common cases, the RR of EV71, CoxA16 and other pathogen types in critically ill patients were 4.67,0.24 and 0.42, respectively. Hand, foot and mouth disease occurrence time has a certain concentration, hand, foot and mouth cases peak incidence on June 10, the peak period for the March 22 - August 28 (159 d). Hand, foot and mouth severe onset time has a strong concentration, the peak onset date is May 26, the peak from April 9 to July 11 (93 d). Conclusions The prevalence of HFMD in Changde City has obvious regional, gender and age differences. After 6 months of birth to 5 years old, children are the key population. The incidence of HFMD and severe disease is seasonal and should be specific to local HFMD Rush-hour targeted prevention and control.