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定语从句；2006年18套试题中仍有12个省市涉及这一语法现象。要想准确解答定语从句，建议从以下三步入手。
第一步：准确判断定语从句
从句不同，引导词用法完全不同。学会判断定语从句是这一类题解题的关键。定语从句用来修饰某一名词或代词，置于被修饰的名词或代词后。而名词、代词在句中常做主语、表语、宾语等成分。因此，定语从句可能会出现在主语和谓语之间，也可能出现在做表语或宾语的名词后。
1． 限定性定语从句。这类从句直接在被修饰词后，对被修饰词起修饰限定作用。例如：
The thing that he did was right.
他做的事是对的。（定语从句）
What he did was right.
他做的事是对的。（主语从句）
The book is the one (that) I want.
这书是我想要的。（定语从句）
The book is what I want.
这书是我想要的。（表语从句）
I don’t know the thing that he did.
我不知道他做的事。（定语从句）
I don’t know what he did.
我不知道他做的。（宾语从句）
2． 非限定性定语从句。这类从句用逗号和句子隔开，对被修饰词或整个主句起补充说明作用。例如：
Bamboo is hollow(中空的), which makes it very light.
竹子中间是空的，这就使它很轻。
As is known to all, Taiwan belongs to China.
众所周知，台湾属于中国。
Taiwan belongs to China, as we all know.
众所周知，台湾属于中国。
Peking, which is the capital of China, is a nice old city.
北京，中国首都，是座不错的古城。
第二步：牢记引导定语从句的关系词。
根据第一步确定是定语从句后，就需要从关系词中进行选择。关系词共九个，可按一、三、五的顺序来记。一是特殊的关系词as；三是关系副词when, where, why；五是关系代词who, whom, which, that, whose。
第三步：熟练掌握关系词的用法。
1. as, which
引导非限制性定语从句时，as和which的共同特点是：as, which都可以指代整个主句的内容。不同点是：as引导的从句既可位于主句前，也可位于主句后，主从句没有前后逻辑关系，常译为“正如……”；which引导的从句只能位于主句后，主从句常有一定的因果关系或前后顺序，常译为“这一点……那就”。例如：
(2006天津,12) The Beatles,______many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. as
此题考查非限制性定语从句，插在主句之间，且关系词指代整个主句内容，所以选D。
(2006江苏,29) The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running,______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. which
从句式特点来看，这是非限制性定语从句，排除B，又从句意得知所要选择的关系词须代替前面主句部分提到的这件事，而选项A指人，所以只有C，D 符合这一用法，as有“正如……”之意，且从句放在主句前后均可，而此句意思为“那就意味着……”，因此答案为D。
2. who, which
who引导的定语从句先行词必须指具体的人，而which引导定语从句时先行词不能是人，可以是指物的名词，也可以是表时间、地点、原因的名词，甚至是某一职业的名词。
(2006北京,31) Women________drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those________don’t.
A. who; /
B. /; who
C. who; who
D. /;/
此题的两个从句分别在名词和代词后，此句考查两个并行的定语从句，其先行词均指人，在从句中做主语，故两空须填who或that，但不能省略，因此答案为C。
(2006上海,37) In an hour, we can travel to places______would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. what
本题从句出现在地点名词后，可以断定考查定语从句，what不能引导定语从句，故排除。又因从句中缺主语，而where和when必须在定语从句中做状语，所以选C。
(2005湖北,29) Her sister has became a lawyer,________ she wanted to be.
A. who
B. that
C. what
D. which
从句出现在名词后，此句考查非限制性定语从句，排除B，C。又因先行词lawyer在这里不指人而是指律师这一职业，因此答案为D。
3. whose
whose在定语从句中最大特点是先行词既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后边直接跟名词。一旦修饰词前有the，则用of+关系词(whom/which)来代替，因此whose+名词=the+名词+of+ which/whom=of which/whom+ the+名词。
(2006福建,22) Look out! Don’t get too close to the house______roof is under repair.
A. whose
B. which
C. of which
D. that
从句在名词后，因此考查限制性定语从句，先行词house在从句中做roof的定语，且前无the，因此答案为A。(2005上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_______was very reasonable.
A. which price
B. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of whose
此句考查非限制性定语从句，排除C，先行词vase做price的定语，A错误，又因为price前有the，所以正确答案为B。
4. when, where, why
这三个词是关系副词，必须在定语从句中做状语，分别位于时间名词，地点名词和原因名词后，其中where一词前的先行词既可以是具体的表地点的名词，也可以是具有抽象意义的“……之处”“在……上”“在……下”
(2005辽宁,28) I walked in our garden,________Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
A. which
B. when
C. where
D. that
此句考查非限制性定语从句，排除D，先行词是地点名词所以B错误，又因定语从句中缺地点状语，因此答案为C。(2006山东,26) We’re just trying to reach a point________both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where
B. that
C. when
D. which
从句位于名词后，因此是定语从句，又因从句中不缺主语或宾语，排除B，D。定语从句中缺状语，且表达“在这一观点上”，选A。
5. 介词+关系代词(which/whom)
这类定语从句的特点是介词和关系代词一起在定语从句中做状语，先行词指物时用which，指人时用whom，介词后不能直接用that。介词可能是与前面名词的固定搭配，也可能是与定语从句中动词的搭配。
(2006湖南,30) We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us,______we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which
B. to whom
C. with whom
D. with which
此题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词指人排除A，D。从句中动词的固定搭配是give something to sb,缺介词 to，所以B正确。
(2006重庆,34) I saw a woman running to wards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction___________she had come.
A. of which
B. by which
C. in which
D. from which
此题考查介词+which引导定语从句。根据句意，（她朝着）她刚来的那个方向跑去，应为she had come from that direction，因此选项D正确。
(2006陕西,8) She was educated at Beijing University,_______she went on to have her advanced study abroad.
A. after that
B. from that
C. from which
D. after which
that不能直接位于介词后，A，B 错误，从句表达的意思是北大上完学后继续去国外学习，所以D正确。6. 限定词+of which/whom限定词包括:不定代词(some, any, all, either, neither, both, each …)数词(one, the first…)及many, most, several, (a )few, (a )little…等
(2006辽宁,25) I was told that there were about 50 foreign students________Chinese in the school, most______were from Germany.
A. study; of whom
B. study; of them
C. studying; of them
D. studying; of whom第二空逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，B，C错误。第一空在主语名词students后，做定语，study是动词原形不能做定语，因此选D。
(2006浙江,13) I was given three books on cooking, the first I really enjoyed.
A. of that
B. of which
C. that
D. which
此题考查非限制性定语从句，C错误，又因that不能位于介词后，排除A。根据句意可知，三本书中的第一本我最喜欢，因此须加上表范围的介词of，所以正确答案是B。
(审稿：马燕编校：王静)
第一步：准确判断定语从句
从句不同，引导词用法完全不同。学会判断定语从句是这一类题解题的关键。定语从句用来修饰某一名词或代词，置于被修饰的名词或代词后。而名词、代词在句中常做主语、表语、宾语等成分。因此，定语从句可能会出现在主语和谓语之间，也可能出现在做表语或宾语的名词后。
1． 限定性定语从句。这类从句直接在被修饰词后，对被修饰词起修饰限定作用。例如：
The thing that he did was right.
他做的事是对的。（定语从句）
What he did was right.
他做的事是对的。（主语从句）
The book is the one (that) I want.
这书是我想要的。（定语从句）
The book is what I want.
这书是我想要的。（表语从句）
I don’t know the thing that he did.
我不知道他做的事。（定语从句）
I don’t know what he did.
我不知道他做的。（宾语从句）
2． 非限定性定语从句。这类从句用逗号和句子隔开，对被修饰词或整个主句起补充说明作用。例如：
Bamboo is hollow(中空的), which makes it very light.
竹子中间是空的，这就使它很轻。
As is known to all, Taiwan belongs to China.
众所周知，台湾属于中国。
Taiwan belongs to China, as we all know.
众所周知，台湾属于中国。
Peking, which is the capital of China, is a nice old city.
北京，中国首都，是座不错的古城。
第二步：牢记引导定语从句的关系词。
根据第一步确定是定语从句后，就需要从关系词中进行选择。关系词共九个，可按一、三、五的顺序来记。一是特殊的关系词as；三是关系副词when, where, why；五是关系代词who, whom, which, that, whose。
第三步：熟练掌握关系词的用法。
1. as, which
引导非限制性定语从句时，as和which的共同特点是：as, which都可以指代整个主句的内容。不同点是：as引导的从句既可位于主句前，也可位于主句后，主从句没有前后逻辑关系，常译为“正如……”；which引导的从句只能位于主句后，主从句常有一定的因果关系或前后顺序，常译为“这一点……那就”。例如：
(2006天津,12) The Beatles,______many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. as
此题考查非限制性定语从句，插在主句之间，且关系词指代整个主句内容，所以选D。
(2006江苏,29) The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running,______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. which
从句式特点来看，这是非限制性定语从句，排除B，又从句意得知所要选择的关系词须代替前面主句部分提到的这件事，而选项A指人，所以只有C，D 符合这一用法，as有“正如……”之意，且从句放在主句前后均可，而此句意思为“那就意味着……”，因此答案为D。
2. who, which
who引导的定语从句先行词必须指具体的人，而which引导定语从句时先行词不能是人，可以是指物的名词，也可以是表时间、地点、原因的名词，甚至是某一职业的名词。
(2006北京,31) Women________drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those________don’t.
A. who; /
B. /; who
C. who; who
D. /;/
此题的两个从句分别在名词和代词后，此句考查两个并行的定语从句，其先行词均指人，在从句中做主语，故两空须填who或that，但不能省略，因此答案为C。
(2006上海,37) In an hour, we can travel to places______would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. what
本题从句出现在地点名词后，可以断定考查定语从句，what不能引导定语从句，故排除。又因从句中缺主语，而where和when必须在定语从句中做状语，所以选C。
(2005湖北,29) Her sister has became a lawyer,________ she wanted to be.
A. who
B. that
C. what
D. which
从句出现在名词后，此句考查非限制性定语从句，排除B，C。又因先行词lawyer在这里不指人而是指律师这一职业，因此答案为D。
3. whose
whose在定语从句中最大特点是先行词既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后边直接跟名词。一旦修饰词前有the，则用of+关系词(whom/which)来代替，因此whose+名词=the+名词+of+ which/whom=of which/whom+ the+名词。
(2006福建,22) Look out! Don’t get too close to the house______roof is under repair.
A. whose
B. which
C. of which
D. that
从句在名词后，因此考查限制性定语从句，先行词house在从句中做roof的定语，且前无the，因此答案为A。(2005上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_______was very reasonable.
A. which price
B. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of whose
此句考查非限制性定语从句，排除C，先行词vase做price的定语，A错误，又因为price前有the，所以正确答案为B。
4. when, where, why
这三个词是关系副词，必须在定语从句中做状语，分别位于时间名词，地点名词和原因名词后，其中where一词前的先行词既可以是具体的表地点的名词，也可以是具有抽象意义的“……之处”“在……上”“在……下”
(2005辽宁,28) I walked in our garden,________Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
A. which
B. when
C. where
D. that
此句考查非限制性定语从句，排除D，先行词是地点名词所以B错误，又因定语从句中缺地点状语，因此答案为C。(2006山东,26) We’re just trying to reach a point________both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where
B. that
C. when
D. which
从句位于名词后，因此是定语从句，又因从句中不缺主语或宾语，排除B，D。定语从句中缺状语，且表达“在这一观点上”，选A。
5. 介词+关系代词(which/whom)
这类定语从句的特点是介词和关系代词一起在定语从句中做状语，先行词指物时用which，指人时用whom，介词后不能直接用that。介词可能是与前面名词的固定搭配，也可能是与定语从句中动词的搭配。
(2006湖南,30) We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us,______we gave some bells and glasses.
A. to which
B. to whom
C. with whom
D. with which
此题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词指人排除A，D。从句中动词的固定搭配是give something to sb,缺介词 to，所以B正确。
(2006重庆,34) I saw a woman running to wards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction___________she had come.
A. of which
B. by which
C. in which
D. from which
此题考查介词+which引导定语从句。根据句意，（她朝着）她刚来的那个方向跑去，应为she had come from that direction，因此选项D正确。
(2006陕西,8) She was educated at Beijing University,_______she went on to have her advanced study abroad.
A. after that
B. from that
C. from which
D. after which
that不能直接位于介词后，A，B 错误，从句表达的意思是北大上完学后继续去国外学习，所以D正确。6. 限定词+of which/whom限定词包括:不定代词(some, any, all, either, neither, both, each …)数词(one, the first…)及many, most, several, (a )few, (a )little…等
(2006辽宁,25) I was told that there were about 50 foreign students________Chinese in the school, most______were from Germany.
A. study; of whom
B. study; of them
C. studying; of them
D. studying; of whom第二空逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，B，C错误。第一空在主语名词students后，做定语，study是动词原形不能做定语，因此选D。
(2006浙江,13) I was given three books on cooking, the first I really enjoyed.
A. of that
B. of which
C. that
D. which
此题考查非限制性定语从句，C错误，又因that不能位于介词后，排除A。根据句意可知，三本书中的第一本我最喜欢，因此须加上表范围的介词of，所以正确答案是B。
(审稿：马燕编校：王静)