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为探索花生不同品种生育早期耐涝性差异及与大田耐涝性的关系,对8个品种的种子进行室内180h浅、深水处理,对幼苗进行10d淹涝和大田短(10d)、长期(88d)湿涝,测定发芽能力、幼苗生长发育和乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)活性、大田湿涝产量(WY10、WY88)和产量耐性系数(WTC10、WTC88)。结果表明,(1)花生对淹涝较敏感,其耐涝性因淹涝时期、程度(水深)和品种而异。浅涝时种子先露尖而后发芽;深涝时只露尖而不能形成幼芽。不同品种发芽期耐涝性差异较大。幼苗的根部受害程度远甚于地上部,根色、根重是不同品种耐性差异的主要表征指标。(2)花生幼苗根系ADH活性受淹涝即厌氧诱导的效应极为明显,其中淹涝3～10d的ADH活性与耐涝性负相关,尤其是淹涝10d后ADH活性高的品种,植株发育不良。(3)与大田所有产量耐涝性指标的相关性,ADH活性、根色均为负相关,单株根重、单株地上部重、单株总重则为正相关,尤其是根重与WY10两年均呈显著正相关。(4)耐涝性鉴定时间,在发芽期浅水和深水中分别以180h和120h为宜,幼苗期以3～10d为宜。因此,花生生育早期耐涝性室内鉴定对大田期有重要参考价值。
In order to explore the relationship between the early waterlogging tolerance and the waterlogging resistance of different varieties of peanut, the seeds of 8 varieties were treated 180 days in shallow and deep water indoors and the seedlings were subjected to 10 days of flooding and 10 days of short field, ), Waterlogging, sprouting ability, seedling growth and development, ADH activity, field wet and dry production (WY10 and WY88) and yield tolerance (WTC10 and WTC88). The results showed that (1) peanut was more sensitive to submergence, and its waterlogging resistance was different due to the time of flooding, degree (depth of water) and variety. Waterlogging when the first exposed tip of the sprout; when the waterlogging only exposed tip but can not form buds. Differences in waterlogging of different varieties during germination. The root damage of seedlings was far more than that of shoots, and the root color and root weight were the main characterization indexes of the tolerance of different varieties. (2) The ADH activity of peanut seedling root was significantly affected by waterlogging, ie, anaerobic induction. The ADH activity and waterlogging resistance of 3 ~ 10 d after waterlogging were negatively correlated, especially after 10 d of waterlogging, bad. (3) The correlation between ADH activity and root color of all the yield waterlogging indexes in field was negative. The root weight per plant, the shoot weight of single plant and the total weight of the plant were positively correlated, especially the root weight and WY10 showed significant positive correlation between two years. (4) Identification of waterlogging time, in the germination of shallow water and deep water were 180h and 120h is appropriate, seedling stage to 3 ~ 10d appropriate. Therefore, the indoor identification of early waterlogging resistance of peanut during the field has important reference value.