论文部分内容阅读
一、分词型独立主格结构的概念
分词的独立主格结构指的就是一个用作逻辑主语的名词或代词后接一个分词，它在句中主要用作状语。如：
The question being settled， we went home. 问题解决之后，我们就回家了。
The last bus having gone， we had to walk home. 最后一班公交车已经走了，我们只好走路回家。
二、分词的独立主格结构的用法
分词的独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。如：
The work done（=After the work had been done）， we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
Weather permitting （=If weather permits）， they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
Everything considered（=If everything is considered），his plan seems better. 从各方面考虑，他的计划似乎要好一些。
He was lying on the grass， his hands crossed under his head （=...and his hands were crossed under his head）. 他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
We redoubled our efforts， each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。
注：有时分词的独立主格结构也可用作主语或宾语。如：
If I bring in my suit for dry-cleaning， is there any chance of it being ready by tomorrow？如果我把衣服拿来干洗，明天可以拿得到吗?
He would always ignore the fact of there being a back-door to any house. 他一向忽视这一事实：任何屋子都有后门。
三、关于 being / having been 的省略问题
在许多情况下，独立主格中的现在分词 being 和 having been 可以省略，而不会改变句意。如：
This （being） done， I set about cleaning the windows. 做完此事，我就开始擦洗窗户。
（Being） seized with a sudden fear， she gave a scream. 她突然感到害怕，叫了一声。
（Being） asked to sing a song for them， she couldn’t very well refuse. 当要求她为他们唱首歌时，她就不好拒绝了。
但是，在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的 being（或 having been）不能省略。
1. 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：
It being a holiday， all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。
It being fine， we went for a picnic last Sunday. 因为是好天气，上星期日我们郊游去了。
2. 当用于“There being＋名词”结构中时。如：
There being no taxi available， he had to walk home. 由于没有出租车可搭，他只好步行回家。
There being no further business， I declared the meeting closed. 由于没有别的事了，我宣布散会。
（编辑 周贞雄）
分词的独立主格结构指的就是一个用作逻辑主语的名词或代词后接一个分词，它在句中主要用作状语。如：
The question being settled， we went home. 问题解决之后，我们就回家了。
The last bus having gone， we had to walk home. 最后一班公交车已经走了，我们只好走路回家。
二、分词的独立主格结构的用法
分词的独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。如：
The work done（=After the work had been done）， we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。
Weather permitting （=If weather permits）， they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
Everything considered（=If everything is considered），his plan seems better. 从各方面考虑，他的计划似乎要好一些。
He was lying on the grass， his hands crossed under his head （=...and his hands were crossed under his head）. 他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
We redoubled our efforts， each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。
注：有时分词的独立主格结构也可用作主语或宾语。如：
If I bring in my suit for dry-cleaning， is there any chance of it being ready by tomorrow？如果我把衣服拿来干洗，明天可以拿得到吗?
He would always ignore the fact of there being a back-door to any house. 他一向忽视这一事实：任何屋子都有后门。
三、关于 being / having been 的省略问题
在许多情况下，独立主格中的现在分词 being 和 having been 可以省略，而不会改变句意。如：
This （being） done， I set about cleaning the windows. 做完此事，我就开始擦洗窗户。
（Being） seized with a sudden fear， she gave a scream. 她突然感到害怕，叫了一声。
（Being） asked to sing a song for them， she couldn’t very well refuse. 当要求她为他们唱首歌时，她就不好拒绝了。
但是，在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的 being（或 having been）不能省略。
1. 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：
It being a holiday， all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。
It being fine， we went for a picnic last Sunday. 因为是好天气，上星期日我们郊游去了。
2. 当用于“There being＋名词”结构中时。如：
There being no taxi available， he had to walk home. 由于没有出租车可搭，他只好步行回家。
There being no further business， I declared the meeting closed. 由于没有别的事了，我宣布散会。
（编辑 周贞雄）