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为解决农田节水问题,进行了田间水热通量观测和水热耦合循环过程机制分析。观测系统主要包括:常规气象、辐射、涡度相关法观测系统以及土壤水分观测剖面。该系统能够连续和稳定地观测土壤-植物-大气连续体中的水热循环过程,涡度相关法观测数据具有与国际同类观测一致的精度。对2005年山东省位山引黄灌区冬小麦和夏玉米生长期内水热平衡的分析表明:当叶面积指数较大时潜热是农田能量消耗的主要方式;在冬小麦返青至收割期内作物耗水略小于供水,而在玉米生长期内供水远大于作物耗水,灌区供水充分。
In order to solve the problem of farmland water saving, field hydrothermal flux observation and mechanism analysis of hydrothermal coupling cycle were carried out. Observation system mainly includes: conventional meteorological, radiation, eddy covariance observation system and soil moisture observation section. The system can continuously and stably observe the hydrothermal cycle in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. The data of the eddy covariance method have the same accuracy as the international counterparts. The analysis of the water-heat balance during the growing period of winter wheat and summer maize in Weishan irrigation district in Shandong Province shows that the latent heat is the main way of farmland energy consumption when the leaf area index is large. Less than the water supply, while in the corn growing period of water supply is much greater than the water consumption of crops, water supply irrigation area full.