预立临终医疗指示是指个人在具有清醒意识及决定能力时为自己将来可能失去决定能力时的医疗目标和手段提前做出安排,其重点在于指示人通过与家属及医生充分地沟通,来确立当指示人处于末期状态时是否实施心肺复苏术,其目的是鼓励放弃不必要的心肺复苏。其包括治疗指示与永久性的医疗代理权两种形式,由末期病人及判断、自愿、医疗代理人、放弃心肺复苏的临床策略几个主要制度构成。预立临终医疗指示是人作为自主主体的要求,有着利他性和至高的道德权威性,应该得到尊重、维护与推广。 Pre-domiciled directives refer to the advance arrangement of medical goals and means for individuals who may have lost their ability to make decisions in the future when they are consciously aware and capable of decision-making. The emphasis is on directing the establishment of the medical goals and means by fully communicating with family members and physicians The purpose of CPR is to instruct people to give up unnecessary cardiopulmonary resuscitation when they indicate that they are in the final stages. Including the treatment instructions and permanent medical agent right in two forms, by the end of the patient and judgments, voluntary, medical agents, to give up the clinical strategy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation several major institutions. Pre-penultimate medical instructions are the requirements of people as autonomous subjects, have the altruistic and supreme moral authority, and should be respected, maintained and promoted.