目的 :了解大学一年级学生艾滋病 (AIDS)认知状况及其影响因素 ,以指导当地开展AIDS健康教育。方法 :用心理因素量化问卷在医学、非医学两所院校进行调查 ;对认知状况进行多因素分析。结果 :学生掌握了AIDS的一些基本概念 ,知晓其主要传播途径 ;不歧视AIDS患者 ,认识到广泛预防的重要性 ,并愿意参与宣教工作。但对AIDS传播途径存在严重错误认识 ,造成普遍存在恐惧心理。医学生认知水平较高。结论 :应结合学生特点及他们的知识需求有组织地开展AIDS健康教育。 OBJECTIVE: To understand the cognitive status of AIDS and its influencing factors in first-year university students so as to guide the local AIDS health education. Methods: Questionnaire of psychological factors was used to investigate in two schools of medical science and non-medical science. Multivariate analysis of cognitive status was carried out. RESULTS: Students mastered some of the basic concepts of AIDS and knew their main routes of transmission. They did not discriminate against AIDS patients, recognized the importance of broad-based prevention and were willing to participate in mission work. However, there is a serious misunderstanding of the AIDS transmission route, causing widespread fear. Medical students higher cognitive level. CONCLUSIONS: AIDS health education should be systematically conducted in the light of student characteristics and their knowledge needs.