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基于最近三次人口普查资料数据,本文对近30年以来民族地区教育发展的现状及其问题进行了较为全面的实证分析。实证结果表明:1990年以来,民族地区的教育发展取得了显著的成就;民族地区的教育发展具有显著的不均衡特征;民族地区的教育发展相对滞后及其不平等对全国教育不平等有很大的负面效应;相比于城镇,民族地区的农村不仅教育发展明显落后,而且不平等程度更高;城乡教育发展差异是影响民族地区教育不平等的最为关键因素。相应的,中央政府需要设计和实施差别化的扶持政策以支持民族地区教育健康发展。
Based on the data of the last three censuses, this article has made a more comprehensive and empirical analysis of the status quo and problems of educational development in minority areas in the past 30 years. The empirical results show that since 1990, remarkable achievements have been made in the education development in minority areas. The education development in ethnic minority areas has significant imbalanced characteristics. The relative lagging behind of education development in minority areas and the inequality have a great impact on the inequality of education across the country Compared with urban areas, rural areas in ethnic areas not only lag behind education but also have higher levels of inequality. Differences in urban and rural education are the most crucial factors that affect the education inequality in ethnic regions. Accordingly, the central government needs to design and implement differentiated supportive policies to support the healthy development of education in minority areas.