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在弹性小变形情况下,基于构造的各向异性Kelvin模型对开孔泡沫材料的变形进行了分析。综合考虑了胞体中斜支柱的轴向、弯曲和剪切变形以及水平支柱的轴向变形的影响,利用最小势能原理得到了材料的弹性性能与各向异性比及相对密度的关系。研究结果表明,各向异性比越大,沿胞体伸长方向的相对弹性模量和泊松比越大,而在垂直于胞体伸长方向上的相应值反而越小;两个方向上的相对弹性模量均随相对密度增加而增大,泊松比的变化趋势则正好相反。本文预测结果较好地符合了实验数据的变化趋势,且与已有的G-K模型比较接近,证明了该模型的有效性。
In the case of small elastic deformation, the deformation of open cell foam was analyzed based on the anisotropic Kelvin model. The influence of the axial, bending and shear deformation of the diagonal strut and the axial deformation of the horizontal strut are considered. The relationship between the elastic properties and the anisotropy ratio and relative density of the material is obtained by the principle of the minimum potential energy. The results show that the larger the anisotropy ratio is, the larger the relative elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio along the cell body elongation direction, and the smaller the corresponding value perpendicular to the cell body elongation direction; the relative elasticity in both directions The modulus increases with the increase of relative density, and the change trend of Poisson’s ratio is the opposite. The prediction results of this paper are in good agreement with the trend of the experimental data and are close to the existing G-K model, which proves the validity of the model.