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【目的】探求不同覆膜方式对旱地农田土壤水温变化规律、降水高效利用和玉米产量的影响,以期高效利用和开发有限的自然降水资源。【方法】对6种覆膜方式下玉米关键生育期耕层土壤昼夜24h温度变化、0—2m土壤水分动态进行定位监测,结合作物产量分析农田水分利用效率。【结果】玉米苗期,垄膜沟播(包括全膜双垄沟和半膜双垄沟)能防止白天耕层土壤温度过度上升和晚上温度过度下降;灌浆期,耕层平均温度最低;整个生育期,耕层平均地温比露地高2.4℃;垄膜沟播能把小于5mm的无效降水转化为有效水分贮存于土壤中,提高降水利用率。在平水年份,全膜双垄沟玉米的产量和水分利用效率最高,较露地分别提高91%和85%;干旱年份,半膜双垄沟玉米的产量和水分利用效率最高,较露地分别提高34%和33%。【结论】垄膜沟播能调控土壤的水温条件,提高玉米水分利用效率。平水年全膜双垄沟增产效应最佳,干旱年半膜双垄沟增产效应较好,是旱作区进一步挖掘降水潜力和高产田创建的有效途径。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different film mulching methods on the variation of soil water temperature, the efficient use of precipitation and the yield of maize in dry farmland in order to utilize and develop limited natural precipitation resources efficiently. 【Method】 The changes of diurnal temperature and daytime 24h temperature and 0-2m soil moisture dynamics of topsoil under six kinds of film mulching methods were monitored and the water use efficiency of cropland was analyzed with crop yield. 【Result】 Sowing mulching with ridge film (including double-furrow and semi-film double furrow) prevented the excessive increase of soil temperature in daytime and over-temperature in night. During the filling stage, the average temperature of plow layer was the lowest. During the whole growth period , Average temperature of top layer is 2.4 ℃ higher than that of open field. The mulching and furrow can transform the ineffective precipitation less than 5mm into effective water to be stored in the soil and improve the utilization rate of precipitation. In the plain water years, the yield and water use efficiency of corn with full film and double furrow were the highest, which increased by 91% and 85% respectively compared with open field. In dry years, the yield and water use efficiency of corn with half film and double furrow were the highest, 34% 33%. 【Conclusion】 Ridge film mulch can regulate soil water temperature conditions and improve water use efficiency of maize. The double-ridge furrow irrigation has the best stimulation effect in flat water years, and the double-furrow irrigation in semi-arid year has better stimulation effect, which is an effective way to further excavate the precipitation potential and high-yield field in the dry land.