目的比较不同病理类型肺恶性肿瘤发生下肢血栓风险的几率。方法对2010年2月-2015年4月在我院住院的非小细胞肺癌300例(腺癌150例、鳞癌150例)及300例小细胞肺癌患者发生下肢静脉血栓的几率进行比较。结果非小细胞肺癌患者静脉血栓的发生率为10.0%高于小细胞肺癌的3.3%,肺腺癌患者下肢静脉血栓的发生率为15.3%远高于肺鳞癌的4.7%,肺腺癌下肢血栓的发生率为15.3%明显高于小细胞肺癌的3.3%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺鳞癌下肢血栓的发生率4.7%略高于非小细胞肺癌的3.3%,但其差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论非小细胞肺癌发生下肢血栓的风险高于小细胞肺癌,非小细胞肺癌中的肺腺癌发生下肢血栓的风险高于肺鳞癌。 Objective To compare the risk of lower extremity thrombosis in different pathological types of lung malignancies. Methods The incidence of venous thrombosis in 300 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (150 adenocarcinoma, 150 squamous cell carcinoma) and 300 small cell lung cancer patients admitted to our hospital from February 2010 to April 2015 was compared. Results The incidence of venous thromboembolism in non-small cell lung cancer patients was 10.0% higher than that in small cell lung cancer patients. The incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients with lung adenocarcinoma was 15.3%, which was significantly higher than 4.7% in lung squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence of thrombus was 15.3%, which was significantly higher than that of small cell lung cancer (3.3%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The incidence of lower extremity thrombosis in squamous cell carcinoma was 4.7% slightly higher than that in non-small cell lung cancer (3.3%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusions The risk of developing lower extremity thrombus in non-small cell lung cancer is higher than that of small cell lung cancer. The risk of developing lower extremity thrombi in lung adenocarcinomas of non-small cell lung cancer is higher than in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.