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因稀土出口措施案败诉,中国取消了稀土出口限制。中国政府对稀土的开采、出口不加限制,势必导致新一轮滥采乱挖、破坏生态环境现象的发生。更为重要的是,稀土是军事工业重要的原材料,在尖端武器上应用广泛。大量的稀土出口,提升了美日等国武器装备水平,必然对中国的国家安全构成威胁。为国家安全战略考虑,中国应当将稀土列为军民两用物项,以GATT第21条安全例外为法律依据实施出口管制。在借鉴美国管制两用物项经验基础上,中国应建立以出口企业许可登记和验证最终用户制度为核心的稀土出口管制制度。
Due to the case of losing exports of rare earths lawsuit, China abolished the export restrictions on rare earths. The Chinese government has no restrictions on the exploitation and export of rare earths and will inevitably lead to a new round of indiscriminate mining and indiscriminate excavation and damage to the ecological environment. More importantly, rare earth is an important raw material for the military industry and is widely used in cutting-edge weapons. A large amount of rare earth exports have raised the level of weapons and equipment in the United States and Japan and will inevitably pose a threat to China’s national security. Considering the national security strategy, China should list rare earth as a dual-use item for military and civilian uses and implement export control on the basis of the GATT Article 21 safety exception. Drawing on the experience gained by the United States in the control of dual-use items, China should establish a rare earth export control system that focuses on the export license registration and verification of end-user systems.