目的　探讨新生儿病理性黄疸对心肌的影响。方法　对 12 0例新生儿病理性黄疸病人血清心肌肌钙蛋白 Ⅰ (CTn Ⅰ )和心肌酶同步检测 ,同时设立 30例新生儿生理性黄疸作对照组 ,并将实验资料进行统计学分析。结果　新生儿病理性黄疸组CTn Ⅰ阳性率 95 83% (115 / 12 0 ) ,生理性黄疸组 3 33% (1/ 30 ) ,两组间差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1)。新生儿病理性黄疸组心肌酶的升高率均明显高于生理性黄疸组 ,差异有显著意义 (P均 <0 0 1)。结论　新生儿病理性黄疸可产生心肌损伤。 Objective To investigate the effect of neonatal pathological jaundice on myocardium. Methods Simultaneous detection of serum cardiac troponin Ⅰ (CTn Ⅰ) and myocardial enzymes in 120 cases of neonatal pathological jaundice, 30 cases of neonatal physiological jaundice were set as control group, and the experimental data were statistically analyzed. Results The positive rates of CTn Ⅰ in neonatal pathological jaundice group were 95 83% (115/12 0) and 33.3% (1/30) in physiological jaundice group, respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (P 0 01). Neonatal pathological jaundice group of myocardial enzymes were significantly higher than the rate of physiological jaundice group, the difference was significant (P all <0.01). Conclusion Neonatal pathological jaundice can cause myocardial injury.