莱茵河(流域面积20万平方公里,流经9个国家)在欧洲的历史、社会、政治和经济发展中发挥着重要作用。由于莱茵河功能多样,沿岸各国利益冲突不断,再加上环境和防洪问题,制定保护莱茵河的综合方法十分必要。莱茵河是欧洲最大的河流之一,1950年到1970年,莱茵河爆发了严重污染事件,在20世纪80年代得到了有效治理。1986年,巴塞尔山度士化工厂发生火灾, The Rhine, a watershed area of ​​200,000 square kilometers and flowing through nine countries, plays an important role in the historical, social, political and economic development of Europe. Due to the diverse functions of the Rhine and the conflicting interests of all the countries along the coast, coupled with environmental and flood control issues, it is imperative that an integrated approach to the protection of the Rhine be established. The Rhine was one of the largest rivers in Europe. Between 1950 and 1970, a serious pollution incident broke out on the Rhine and was effectively controlled in the 1980s. In 1986, a fire broke out in the Basel Santos chemical plant,