石墨烯为单层平面碳原子以sp~2杂化方式紧密结合在一起形成的二维原子晶体,可作为基本材料构筑各种不同性能的宏观二维分离膜,是目前膜分离研究领域的一颗崭亮新星。本文重点介绍了各种石墨烯基分离膜的制备方法,并对其在水处理、气体分离、海水淡化等方向的应用研究进行评述。相比于传统高分子基分离膜,石墨烯分离膜在抗污染性能、膜通量以及选择性方面均有提升。除此之外,本文对基于其他新兴二维材料——氮化硼(BN)、二硫化钼(MoS_2)以及二硫化钨(WS_2)等的分离膜研究也进行了前瞻性讨论。最后,对石墨烯基膜的应用机遇和挑战作出评价,同时对其发展前景作出展望。 Graphene is a two-dimensional atomic crystal formed by the close bonding of single-plane planar carbon atoms by sp ~ 2 hybridization, which can be used as the basic material to construct macroscopic two-dimensional separation membranes with different properties. It is one of the field of membrane separation research Bright star. This article focuses on the preparation of a variety of graphene-based separation membrane, and its application in water treatment, gas separation, desalination and other directions are reviewed. Compared with the traditional polymer-based separation membrane, the graphene membrane has improved anti-pollution performance, membrane flux and selectivity. In addition, the research on the separation membranes based on other emerging two-dimensional materials, such as BN, MoS 2 and WS 2, is also discussed in this paper. Finally, evaluate the application opportunities and challenges of graphene based films, and at the same time, make a prospect of its development prospects.