现有史料尚无从证实明代宫廷设立过画院,形成歧见的关键是在于未区分组织机构与职官铨选的差别。“有实无名”和“有名无实”两种说法,应加分辨,以廓清历史延续的遮蔽与混淆。明代宫廷未设画院的缘由大致是:一系统治集团对绘画功用认识之不足;二因朝廷无意专门作此制度设置;致使其乏善可陈的管理机制与时出绘画新创之矛盾现象杂陈。如果说,宋代翰林图画院是历史上第一个完备的独立宫廷画院机构的话,那么所谓的明代画院实际上却退回到汉唐时待诏、供奉等散官体制,人员无定额,考核铨选又无常制,技艺与生存都处于一种放任自流的情态之下。在研究明代宫廷艺术的时候,更应关注其与不同历史时期影响艺术发展的特殊现象及其成因。 The existing historical data have not yet confirmed the establishment of art academies in the court of the Ming Dynasty. The key to forming a disagreement lies in the fact that there is no difference between the election of civil servants and the election of civil servants. “Real nameless ” and “nominal ” two kinds of claims, should be added to distinguish, in order to clarify the history of the cover and confusion. The reasons for the failure of the court to set up a court in the Ming Dynasty are: a system of governance group’s lack of understanding of the function of painting; the second reason is that the court did not intend to devise such a system; the contradictory phenomenon of its lackluster management mechanism and the creation of new paintings at the time was mixed. If we say that the Hanlin Art Museum in the Song Dynasty was the first institution in the history to have a complete and independent court painting academy, then the so-called Ming Dynasty Art Academy actually returned to the Han and Tang Dynasties to be edict, worship and other Sankei system, personnel without quotas, And no permanent system, skills and survival are in a state of laissez-faire. When studying the court art in the Ming Dynasty, we should pay more attention to its special phenomenon and its causes that affect the development of art in different historical periods.