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考察一国贸易限制水平对于探讨经济增长问题以及贸易政策的制定具有重要意义。但由于研究方法的缺失和数据的可得性问题,传统研究多是以简单平均关税和加权平均关税进行粗略衡量,会导致明显的误差。本文使用了贸易限制指数(TRI)作为研究工具,对拉美19个主要国家的贸易限制情况进行了考察,并进一步测算出贸易限制带来的无谓损失。中拉贸易在过去20年间发展迅速,本文考察了1992—2014年中国与6个拉美主要贸易伙伴的双边贸易限制发展趋势。实证结果显示,当前拉美国家的整体贸易限制水平较低,但相比于成熟的外向型经济体(如韩国)仍有较大的下调空间。总体上,中国与拉美主要国家之间的双边贸易限制呈不断下降的趋势,体现了双边贸易的发展。但中国与巴西之间的贸易限制仍然较高,未来应通过改善贸易结构、签订自由贸易协定、建立自贸区等手段,降低贸易限制,减少无谓损失,增加贸易往来,寻找新的贸易增长点。
Examining the level of trade restrictions in a country is of great significance for exploring issues of economic growth and the formulation of trade policies. However, due to the lack of research methods and the availability of data, most of the traditional research based on simple average tariffs and weighted average tariffs leads to significant errors. This article uses the Trade Restricted Index (TRI) as a research tool to examine the trade restrictions in 19 major Latin American countries and to further measure the deadweight losses resulting from trade restrictions. In the past 20 years, China-Latin America trade has developed rapidly. This paper examines the development trend of bilateral trade restrictions between China and six Latin American major trading partners from 1992 to 2014. Empirical results show that the overall trade restrictions in Latin American countries are relatively low at present, but there is still much room for downward adjustment compared with mature outward-oriented economies such as South Korea. In general, bilateral trade restrictions between China and major Latin American countries have been declining continuously, reflecting the development of bilateral trade. However, trade restrictions between China and Brazil are still high. In the future, such measures as improving the trade structure, signing free trade agreements and establishing free trade zones should be adopted to reduce trade restrictions, reduce unnecessary losses, increase trade exchanges and find new trade growth points .