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对于目前居高不下的药价及某些疑难杂症而言,采用植物表达体系生产药物是非常有效的解决途径。在植物表达系统中,水稻胚乳是公认的表达药用重组蛋白的理想工具之一。然而由于表达水平、蛋白活性及公众担忧等技术或非技术的因素,至今尚无转基因水稻胚乳表达体系进入商业化生产药用重组蛋白阶段。基于此,本文综述了在水稻胚乳中表达的各类药用蛋白的研究进展,从目标基因密码子偏好性、启动子选用、目标蛋白定位、人源化活性及蛋白储藏等方面介绍了水稻胚乳表达系统的改良研究,在此基础上分析影响转基因水稻商业化生产药用蛋白的具体限制因子,并展望该体系的发展及应用前景。
For the current high drug prices and some incurable diseases, the use of plant expression systems for the production of drugs is a very effective solution. In plant expression systems, rice endosperm is well-established as one of the ideal tools for the expression of medicinal recombinant proteins. However, due to technical and non-technical factors such as expression level, protein activity and public concern, so far no transgenic rice endosperm expression system has entered the stage of commercial production of a recombinant protein. Based on this, the progress in the research of various types of medicinal proteins expressed in rice endosperm is reviewed in this paper. The aspects of target codon usage, promoter selection, target protein localization, humanized activity and protein storage are reviewed. Based on this, the specific limiting factors that influence the commercial production of transgenic rice by transgenic rice were analyzed, and the development and application prospect of the system were prospected.