从蒸汽时代到自动化时代和电气时代,在相当长的时间里,制造商的竞争优势一直体现为高效制造出优秀产品,因而企业战略无疑是以生产为中心的,生产和服务各司其职,第二次产业和第三次产业泾渭分明。按照迈克尔·波特在《竞争优势》一书中首次提出的“价值链”理论,“每一个企业都是在设计、生产、销售、发送和辅助其产品的过程中进行种种活动的集合体。所有这些活动可以用一个价值 From the steam era to the era of automation and the electric age, for a long time, the competitive advantage of manufacturers has always been embodied in the efficient production of excellent products. Therefore, the corporate strategy is undoubtedly production-oriented, and production and services perform their duties. The second industry and the third industry are divided. According to the theory of ”value chain“ first proposed by Michael Porter in ”Competitive Advantage," each enterprise conducts various activities in the process of designing, producing, selling, sending, and supporting its products. Aggregates. All these activities can use one value