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皂苷具有多种药理作用,对野生大豆中各类皂苷的定量分析是研究野生大豆皂苷药理作用的基础。利用索氏提取器以甲醇热回流提取野生大豆中的皂苷,结合理化反应进行鉴别,以齐墩果酸作为对照品进行薄层层析,通过薄层扫描测定皂苷含量。结果表明:野生大豆皂苷1～5μg范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为98.98%,RSD为0.41%,薄层层析斑点清晰且分离良好,计算得总皂苷在野生大豆脱脂粕中的含量为1.91%,远高于在栽培大豆脱脂粕中的含量。该方法简便准确,结果稳定,可用于野生大豆皂苷的分析。
Saponins have a variety of pharmacological effects, the quantitative analysis of various types of saponins in wild soybean is the basis for the study of the pharmacological effects of wild soybean saponins. Soxhlet extraction from wild soybean was carried out by Soxhlet extractor and identified by physicochemical reaction. Oleanolic acid was used as reference material for TLC, and saponin content was determined by TLC. The results showed that there was a good linear relationship in the range of 1 ~ 5μg of wild soybean saponin, with an average recovery of 98.98% and a RSD of 0.41%. The TLC spots were clear and well separated. The content of total saponins in wild soybean defatted meal was 1.91%, much higher than that in cultivated soybean defatted meal. The method is simple and accurate, the results are stable and can be used for the analysis of wild soybean saponin.