目的前瞻性观察晚期早产儿与足月儿生后各系统近期并发症发生率及智能发育情况。方法收集2011年上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院产科出生的新生儿,将晚期早产儿(胎龄34~36周)和足月儿(胎龄37~42周)作为观察对象,记录两组新生儿出生早期各系统并发症发生情况,包括呼吸、循环、消化系统等;随机选择部分转入新生儿科的晚期早产儿,通过多种社会因素配对后,相应选择部分转入新生儿科的足月儿,两组在校正年龄6个月、1周岁及2周岁时进行智能测试,比较其各年龄段智能水平。结果研究期间共纳入晚期早产儿183例,足月儿2 144例。晚期早产儿先天畸形(14.8%比4.5%)和喂养不耐受(7.1%比0.1%)发生率均高于足月儿(P<0.05)。转入新生儿科治疗的晚期早产儿88例,足月儿364例,住院治疗的晚期早产儿低血糖(23.9%比3.0%)、低钙血症(4.6%比0.8%)、呼吸窘迫综合征(10.2%比0)、呼吸暂停(12.5%比0)、吸入性肺炎(31.8%比6.9%)、先天性心脏病(40.9%比14.6%)、心肌损害(25.0%比11.8%)、脑室周围-脑室内出血(22.7%比3.3%)、缺氧缺血性脑病(4.6%比0.3%)及败血症(10.2%比2.2%)发生率均高于足月儿(P<0.05)。1周岁时晚期早产儿粗、细动作落后于足月儿,2周岁时细动作、语言、应人能力落后于足月儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论晚期早产儿生后近期各系统并发症发生率较高,智能发育欠佳,需加强监护并进行针对性干预。 Objective To prospectively observe the recent complication rates and intelligence development of each system in late preterm and term infants. Methods The neonates born in obstetrics of Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine in 2011 were collected. The late preterm children (gestational age 34-36 weeks) and full-term children (37-42 weeks gestational age) In the early stage of infancy, the incidence of various systemic complications, including respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems, was randomly selected; late-stage premature infants who switched to neonatology were randomly selected and matched with multiple social factors to select the full-term infants The two groups were tested intelligently at 6 months, 1 year old and 2 years old. The intelligence level of each age group was compared. Results During the study, 183 cases of late preterm newborns and 2 144 full-term infants were enrolled. The incidence of congenital malformations (14.8% vs 4.5%) and feeding intolerance (7.1% vs 0.1%) in advanced preterm infants was higher than that in term infants (P <0.05). 88 cases of advanced preterm newborns admitted to neonatology, 364 term infants, hypoglycemia (23.9% vs 3.0%), hypocalcemia (4.6% vs 0.8%), respiratory distress syndrome (10.2% vs 0), apnea (12.5% ​​vs 0), aspiration pneumonia (31.8% vs 6.9%), congenital heart disease (40.9% vs 14.6%), myocardial damage (25.0% vs 11.8% Peripheral-ventricular hemorrhage (22.7% vs 3.3%), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (4.6% vs 0.3%) and sepsis (10.2% vs 2.2%) were higher than those in term infants (P <0.05). At the age of 1 year, the premature infants in the late stage had thick and fine motions lagging behind the full-term infants. At the age of 2, fine motility, language and abilities were lagging behind that of the full-term infants. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions In the late stage of preterm birth, the incidence of various systemic complications is high and the development of intelligence is poor. Intensive monitoring and targeted intervention are needed.