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选择单穗质量和千粒质量较小的亲本CB1和CB7与较大的亲本CB4配制CB1×CB4和CB7×CB4组合,建立了相应的P1、F1、P2、B1、B2、F2群体,将其分为中、晚2个生产季节种植,考察了穗质量与粒质量性状.利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型理论的Akaike信息准则(AIC)在B1、B2、F2代中鉴定影响数量性状的主基因存在与否,主基因存在时通过分离分析估计主基因和微效基因的遗传效应及所占总变异的分量.结果表明:单穗质量在所有B1、B2、F2中均符合1对主基因+多基因模型模式;主基因遗传率为58.06%～75.60%,多基因遗传率为5.03%～25.46%,总基因型遗传率为68.07%～96.68%;同一遗传群体不同种植季节下主基因遗传率无明显差异,但同一季节下CB7/CB4组合群体主基因遗传率均比CB1/CB4组合群体大,表明单穗质量遗传分析时应考虑到构建遗传群体的亲本选择问题;千粒质量在所有B1、B2、F2中均符合1对加性主基因+加-显性多基因模型模式,其中CB1/CB4组合群体中季主基因遗传率最高,为60.06%～69.38%;CB1/CB4组合群体中季多基因遗传率最小,为10.73%～23.21%;CB1/CB4组合群体中季总基因遗传率为71.48%～83.55%;CB1/CB4组合群体中季一阶参数d值最小,说明粒质量遗传研究时需要考虑构建遗传群体的亲本及种植季节的选择问题.
The combinations of CB1 × CB4 and CB7 × CB4 were selected from the parents CB1 and CB7 with smaller panicle weight and 1000-grain weight, and the corresponding P1, F1, P2, B1, B2 and F2 populations Were divided into middle and late planting season to investigate ear quality and grain quality traits.The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to identify quantitative traits in B1, B2 and F2 The presence or absence of the major gene in the presence of the major gene was estimated by segregating the genetic effects of the major and minor genes and the components of the total variation.The results showed that the quality of the single panicle was consistent with 1 pair in all B1, B2 and F2 Gene + polygene model. The heritability of the major genes was 58.06% -75.60%, the polygene heritability was 5.03% -25.46%, and the heritability of the total genotype was 68.07% -96.68%. The major genes of the same genetic group under different planting seasons However, the heritability of CB7 / CB4 population was higher than that of CB1 / CB4 population in the same season, indicating that the selection of parents should be taken into account when constructing genetic groups. All B1, B2, F2 are in line with a pair of plus The dominant gene plus additive-dominance polygenes model, in which the CB1 / CB4 combination population had the highest heritability rate of 60.06% -69.38%, while the CB1 / CB4 combination population had the lowest heritability rate of 10.73% 23.21%. The heritability of the total gene in the CB1 / CB4 combination was 71.48% -83.55%, and the value of the first order parameter d of the CB1 / CB4 combination was the smallest, which indicated that the genetic analysis of the grain quality should consider the parents and planting The choice of the season.