论文部分内容阅读
【Abstract】It was realized that teaching methods were only exterior factors， and what to a large extent exerted determinative effect on the learners were their inner factors.Therefore， the focus of the foreign language teaching research shifted from “how to teach” to “how to learn” and from studying “teachers” to doing research on “students”.This article briefly indicates the significance of beliefs， anxiety and motivation in English learning.Thus， the author gets the implications for module advancement teaching and testing.
【Key words】beliefs； anxiety； motivation； module advancement； testing
1.Introduction
Language as a tool of communication is a view of a certain culture （Gao， 2003）， and also reflects in itself personal elements.Language learning belief is one of those factors， and are views or attitudes that the language learners hold towards language learning （Liu， 2003）.Anxiety， which reflects the “subjective feeling of tension， apprehension， nervousness， and worry associated with an arousal of the autonomic nervous system” （Spielberger， 1983）， is also considered to be a key affective variable.Besides beliefs and anxiety， there is also an important learner’s factor， which has drawn great attention of researchers-motivation.Motivation is the reflection of the internal-driving forces， such as instinct， purpose， will and spiritual power， or a perfectly static psychological or affective state which is decided by stimulation and enforcement， or an aim.Motivation plays an important role in language learning.It belongs to learner’s personal factors and is the only changeable and controllable learner’s factor.
Researchers have studied language learners’ beliefs， anxiety and motivation as well as the relationship among them.Many researchers have proved that there are relationships between each two and even they three， and there are bunches of views concerning the literature of the three.However， there is scarcely a research mainly concerning beliefs， anxiety and motivation in a comprehensive view.
2.Language Learning Beliefs
The success of language learning lies in many factors， in which language learners’ factors play an important role.For example， different language learners use different strategies in their own learning process.However， the use of different strategies attributes to the different language learning beliefs the learners hold.Every student has his own language learning belief system， either implicitly or explicitly.Students in different environments and situations have different language learning beliefs. Second language learners’ beliefs were the views and attitudes that the language learners hold towards language learning （Liu
【Key words】beliefs； anxiety； motivation； module advancement； testing
1.Introduction
Language as a tool of communication is a view of a certain culture （Gao， 2003）， and also reflects in itself personal elements.Language learning belief is one of those factors， and are views or attitudes that the language learners hold towards language learning （Liu， 2003）.Anxiety， which reflects the “subjective feeling of tension， apprehension， nervousness， and worry associated with an arousal of the autonomic nervous system” （Spielberger， 1983）， is also considered to be a key affective variable.Besides beliefs and anxiety， there is also an important learner’s factor， which has drawn great attention of researchers-motivation.Motivation is the reflection of the internal-driving forces， such as instinct， purpose， will and spiritual power， or a perfectly static psychological or affective state which is decided by stimulation and enforcement， or an aim.Motivation plays an important role in language learning.It belongs to learner’s personal factors and is the only changeable and controllable learner’s factor.
Researchers have studied language learners’ beliefs， anxiety and motivation as well as the relationship among them.Many researchers have proved that there are relationships between each two and even they three， and there are bunches of views concerning the literature of the three.However， there is scarcely a research mainly concerning beliefs， anxiety and motivation in a comprehensive view.
2.Language Learning Beliefs
The success of language learning lies in many factors， in which language learners’ factors play an important role.For example， different language learners use different strategies in their own learning process.However， the use of different strategies attributes to the different language learning beliefs the learners hold.Every student has his own language learning belief system， either implicitly or explicitly.Students in different environments and situations have different language learning beliefs. Second language learners’ beliefs were the views and attitudes that the language learners hold towards language learning （Liu