目的　探讨乙型肝炎肝硬化患者脑组织中乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)感染的状况及意义。方法　应用免疫组织化学链霉菌亲生物素蛋白 过氧化物酶连接法 (S P法 )对 70例乙型肝炎肝硬化死亡患者脑组织进行了HBsAg、HBcAg检测 ,分析HBV抗原的表达与临床、病理的关系。结果　HBV抗原患者 30例 (4 2 89% ) ,其中HBsAg阳性 2 4例 (34 2 9% ) ,HBcAg阳性 18例 (2 5 71% )。抗原主要定位于细胞质 ,分布于神经元、神经胶质细胞及血管内皮细胞内。阳性细胞呈单个、散在或灶性、小片状分布。HBV抗原的表达与血清HBV水平无关 ,而与肝性脑病 (HE)的有无及HE患者脑组织病理损害的程度相关。结论　乙型肝炎肝硬化患者脑组织中存在HBV感染 ,并可能存在复制。脑组织中HBV感染 ,可能对乙型肝炎肝硬化患者HE的发生发展具有重要作用。 Objective To investigate the status and significance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis. Methods Immunohistochemical streptavidin biotin peroxidase (SP method) was used to detect the expression of HBsAg and HBcAg in 70 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis. relationship. Results There were 30 patients (42 89%) with HBV antigens, of which 24 were HBsAg positive (34 29%) and 18 were HBcAg positive (25 71%). Antigens are mainly located in the cytoplasm, distributed in neurons, glial cells and vascular endothelial cells. Positive cells were single, scattered or focal, patchy distribution. The expression of HBV antigen has nothing to do with the level of serum HBV, but with the degree of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and the pathological damage of brain tissue in HE patients. Conclusion HBV infection may exist in the brain tissue of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and may be duplicated. HBV infection in brain tissue may play an important role in the occurrence and development of HE in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.