作为促进经济增长的重要要素之一,技术创新可以通过提高生产要素的边际生产效率来实现一国贸易品的结构升级与贸易的比较优势的转变。人力资本作为推动技术创新的重要因素,直接影响技术创新导致的贸易动态效应实现的程度。两者共同影响着一国贸易优势的动态变化。本文运用贸易比较优势指标分析了江苏省贸易比较优势的演变,引入人力资本与技术创新作为出口贸易绩效的影响指标,实证研究了三者之间的关系。结论表明,人力资本和技术创新与出口贸易绩效存在长期的均衡关系,并且人力资本和技术创新是出口贸易的格兰杰原因。优化江苏产业结构、提升出口贸易比较优势和贸易绩效必须要加大人力资本投资和技术创新。 As one of the important elements to promote economic growth, technological innovation can achieve the structural upgrading of a country’s trade goods and the comparative advantage of trade by increasing the marginal productivity of production factors. Human capital, as an important factor in promoting technological innovation, has a direct impact on the extent to which trade dynamics are brought about by technological innovation. Both together affect the dynamic changes in a country’s trade advantage. This paper analyzes the evolution of the comparative advantage of trade in Jiangsu Province by using the comparative advantage index of trade, introduces the human capital and technological innovation as the impact indicators of the export trade performance, and empirically studies the relationship among the three. The conclusion shows that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between human capital and technological innovation and export trade performance, and human capital and technological innovation are the Granger causes of export trade. To optimize Jiangsu’s industrial structure and enhance the comparative advantages and trade performance of export trade, we must increase human capital investment and technological innovation.