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毒素-抗毒素系统广泛存在于细菌及古细菌基因组,毒素与抗毒素共表达形成稳定的复合物,毒素蛋白稳定而抗毒素不稳定.在压力条件下,被激活的毒素蛋白通过作用于旋转酶、mRNA、细胞膜等靶标,导致细菌生长持留或细胞死亡.大量关于毒素-抗毒素系统的报道,试图阐述病原菌本身的作用与毒素-抗毒素系统之间的关系.通过构建不同的试验模型及实验方法,探索所研究的毒素-抗毒素系统可能发挥的生理作用.目前研究已初步形成了一些理论模型,但是仍然存在许多的疑问.其中,以毒素-抗毒素系统为靶点,通过人工激活毒素-抗毒素系统,释放游离的毒素蛋白杀死病原菌或病毒,被认为是一种潜在的新型抗菌或抗病毒策略.研究毒素-抗毒素系统特征及其生物学功能,尤其是毒素-抗毒素参与的细菌持留模型和细菌程序性细胞死亡模型,有助于开发抗菌药及抗病毒药.“,”Toxin-antitoxin systems are widely found in bacteria and archaea genomes,functioning to stabilize plasmids via post-segregation killing or benefit from the flexible cellular regulation under stress.Toxins are usually co-expressed with their cognate antitoxins and they form stable complexes under normal growth conditions.Toxins are stable while antitoxins are liable to be degraded.Stress-induced activation of toxins acts on cellular targets,such as gyrase,mRNA and cell membrane,causing bacterial persistence or death.The purpose of various reports about toxin-antitoxin systems is to explore the possible connection between toxin-antitoxin systems and pathogens.By building special experimental model,several models of toxin-antitoxin systems have been showed,but it is still doubtful.The most potential forward approach for activation of the toxin would be a drug that disrupts toxin-antitoxin complexes,and allows the free toxin to kill the bacteria or the pathogens.Research about the characteristics and biological functions of toxin-antitoxin systems contributes to the development of antibiotics and antiviral drugs,especially toxin-antitoxin systems involved in bacterial persistence model and bacterial programmed cell death model.