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法律人格是时代背景的产物,时代背景的变化必然要求变革人格立法以满足权利主体的正当性需求。以罗马法为代表的人格立法向以《法国民法典》等为代表的人格立法的发展,确立了以人之生命的保全和促进为目的的伦理性法律人格制度。这种法律上对人的伦理关怀,在遭遇现代科技特别是生命科技等因素的时候,使得单纯以生命的保全和促进为目的的人格立法不再与人的实现这一法律命令相一致。于此,个体主张其享有的人格权不应仅限于防御性的权利而应内涵积极请求权的特质。一方面,德国等国的法律实践对此态度犹豫不决,另一方面,现实生活中的个体因为其正当性权利要求得不到法律上的支持而陷入困境之中。因此,必须适时承认个体的这种权利主张以满足人之实现的法律命令。
The legal personality is the product of the background of the times. The change of the background of the times will inevitably require the change of personality legislation to meet the legitimate needs of rights subjects. Personality Legislation Represented by Roman Law To the development of personality legislation represented by the “French Civil Code”, the ethical legal personality system has been established for the purpose of preserving and promoting human life. This ethical concern to the people in law, when encountering the factors of modern science and technology, especially life science and technology, makes the personality legislation simply for the purpose of preserving and promoting life is no longer consistent with the legal order of human realization. In this regard, the individual claims that his right to personality should not be confined to defensive rights but should contain the qualities of positive claims. On the one hand, legal practices in Germany and other countries are hesitant about this attitude. On the other hand, individuals in real life are in trouble because of their lack of legal support for their due rights. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize, in due course, individual’s claims of such rights to meet the legal order of man’s fulfillment.