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比较不同训练阶段优秀游泳运动员肺功能的差异,探讨相关炎症因子与肺功能改变的关系,并初步研究激发方式对气道反应性的影响。方法:比较2007年第12届世界游泳锦标赛前大强度训练阶段及赛后恢复阶段中国游泳队21名运动员的肺功能水平,并比较肺功能正常与异常组运动员血清IL-4和IL-5浓度,同时对比实验室和游泳池不同激发方式下运动员的气道反应性。结果:(1)大强度训练阶段,阻塞性通气功能障碍8例,小气道功能减弱2例,运动激发试验阳性4例;调整阶段,阻塞性通气功能障碍5例,小气道功能减弱1例,其中FEV1和MEF50%与大强度训练阶段相比显著提高(P=0.034,P=0.033)。(2)肺功能正常运动员血清IL-4与IL-5浓度与异常者比较无显著性差异(P=0.125,P=0.171)。(3)游泳池激发试验阳性人数比实验室激发试验少,两种激发方式下,FEV1下降率最大值存在显著差异(P=0.002)。结论:优秀游泳运动员赛前出现较多肺功能异常及气道反应性增高,可能与大强度训练有关。
The differences of pulmonary function among elite swimmers during different training stages were compared. The relationship between inflammatory factors and pulmonary function was also explored. The effects of stimulation mode on airway responsiveness were also investigated. Methods: The pulmonary function of 21 swimmers in Chinese swimming team during intensive training stage and post-match recovery stage before 12th World Aquatics Championship in 2007 was compared. The levels of IL-4 and IL-5 in serum of athletes with normal and abnormal pulmonary function were compared , At the same time contrasting the airway responsiveness of athletes in different exciting ways of laboratory and swimming pool. Results: (1) In intensive training phase, 8 cases of obstructive ventilatory dysfunction, 2 cases of small airway function weakness and 4 cases of motor provocation test were positive. During the adjustment phase, 5 cases of obstructive ventilatory dysfunction, 1 case of small airway function weakening, Among them, FEV1 and MEF50% were significantly higher than that of intensive training (P = 0.034, P = 0.033). (2) There was no significant difference in the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-5 between normal athletes and healthy persons (P = 0.125, P = 0.171). (3) The number of positive swimming pool test was less than that of laboratory test. There was a significant difference (P = 0.002) in the maximum rate of FEV1 decline between the two modes. Conclusion: There are more pulmonary dysfunction and airway reactivity in elite swimmers before the race, which may be related to intensive training.