春秋、战国时期的变法与改革,是先秦史研究中的热点之一,近年来这方面的研究又取得了一些新的进展,现仅就所见部分成果撮述如下: 一春秋、战国社会变革总论林甘泉《从出土文物看春秋战国间的社会变革》(《文物》1981年5期)认为,根据文物考古资料来看,中国奴隶社会的土地所有制属于亚细亚的财产形态,殷周时的直接生产者基本上还使用木、石、骨、蚌器的农具,采取集体耕作的形式,这样的生产水平不可能形成封建生产方式。春秋战国之际农村公社瓦解之后,并没有出现类似古代希腊罗马那种自由的土地所有者,广大个体农民绝大多数是具有封建国家的佃农性质的授田制农民,其次则是耕种地主土 The reform and reform in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are one of the hot spots in the study of pre-Qin history. In recent years, some new progresses have been made in the study of this aspect. The results of the surveys are summarized as follows: The Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period Social Changes General Lin Ganquan “from the unearthed relics look at the social changes between the Spring and Autumn and Warring States” (“Heritage” 1981 the fifth period) that, according to the archaeological materials of view, the slave ownership in China belongs to the ownership of Asian property, Yin Zhou Direct producers basically also use tools of wood, stone, bone and clam shell to take the form of collective farming, so that the level of production can not form a feudal mode of production. After the collapse of the rural commune in the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period, no landowners like the ancient Greeks and Roman liberals did not appear. Most of the vast majority of individual peasants were tenant peasants with feudal tenure and farmer land, followed by tillage landowners