针对内蒙古产伴生较多有机质的硅藻土,在采用水洗除杂工艺基础上进行了炭化处理,研究了炭化温度对硅藻土中二氧化硅晶相转变和吸附性能的影响。采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜等方法对炭化提纯硅藻土进行了表征。结果表明:缺氧煅烧可以使硅藻土中伴生的有机质炭化,在硅藻壳表面形成无定形碳,从而影响非晶态二氧化硅高温煅烧过程中结晶相的形成。炭化硅藻土表面的碳对溶液中亚甲基蓝和甲基橙染料具有较强的吸附能力,并且经在适宜的温度下炭化处理,硅藻土的吸附能力能显著提高。 Aiming at the diatomite with more organic matter in Inner Mongolia, carbonization treatment was carried out on the basis of water washing impurity removal technology, and the influence of carbonization temperature on the phase transition and adsorption properties of silica in diatomite was studied. The carbonized purified diatomite was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the anoxic calcination can make the organic matter in the diatomite carbonize and form amorphous carbon on the surface of the diatom shell, which will affect the formation of the crystalline phase during the calcination of the amorphous silica. Carbon on the surface of the diatomite has strong adsorption capacity for methylene blue and methyl orange dye in the solution, and adsorption capacity of diatomaceous earth can be significantly increased by carbonization treatment at a suitable temperature.