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长期铅暴露可对人体多个器官和系统造成损伤,其神经毒性效应尤为突出。在相同的铅暴露水平下,因遗传易感性的个体差异,不同人群的铅中毒损伤程度和临床症状不尽相同。该差异可能与δ-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶(Deltaaminolevulinic acid dehydratase,ALAD)、维生素D受体(Vitamin D receptor,VDR)、N-甲基D-天冬氨酸受体(N-methyl-Daspartate receptor,NMDAR)及多巴胺受体D2(Dopamine receptor D2,DRD2)等基因多态性有关。该文回顾近年来国内外铅神经毒性相关基因多态性的研究,对铅的神经毒性、相关基因多态性与铅神经毒性的关系进行综述。
Long-term lead exposure can cause damage to multiple organs and systems in the human body, especially in neurotoxic effects. At the same level of lead exposure, lead poisoning varies in severity and clinical symptoms in different populations due to individual differences in genetic susceptibility. The difference may be related to delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), vitamin D receptor (VDR), N-methyl-Daspartate receptor receptor, NMDAR) and dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and other genetic polymorphisms. In this paper, we reviewed the studies on the genetic polymorphisms of lead neurotoxicity at home and abroad in recent years, and reviewed the relationship between lead neurotoxicity, related gene polymorphism and lead neurotoxicity.