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眼是人类的重要器官,而视网膜退行性疾病可致盲,给患者带来极大的痛苦.在目前的条件下,细胞移植是治疗退行性眼病的重要方法之一.由于成体干细胞数量稀少,因此激活内源性成体干细胞来治疗退行性眼病还很困难,利用多能干细胞,包括胚胎干细胞( ESCs)以及诱导性多能干细胞( iPSCs)分化得到的光感受器细胞和视网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞便成为有效的移植细胞来源.本文介绍视网膜退行性疾病中危害较大的视网膜色素变性(RP)和年龄相关性视网膜黄斑变性( AMD)的病理过程以及干细胞移植治疗退行性眼病的发展现状,对退行性眼病中2种不同的易损细胞,即RPE细胞和光感受器细胞干细胞疗法研究现状进行综述,并对干细胞移植治疗退行性眼病现阶段存在的问题和未来的发展方向进行了探讨.“,”Eyes are important human organs, and retinal degenerative diseases can cause irreversible blindness. Up to date, cell transplantation is an important method for the treatment of degenerative eye diseases. Because the number of adult eye stem cells is rather limited,it is still very difficult to activate endogenous adult stem cells as a way to treat degenerative eye diseases. Therefore,photoreceptor cells ( photoreceptor) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells generated from pluripotent stem cells include embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be an effective source of cells for transplantation. This article described the major types of retinal degenerative diseases including retinitis pigmentosa ( RP) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by focusing on their pathological process and development of stem cell transplantation. We reviewed the related stem cell therapies and research status of two different vulnerable cells, RPE and photoreceptor cell in degenerative ophthalmopathy. We also discussed the value and limitations of cell transplantation therapy and the prospect of future treatment.