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目的通过调查昌吉市回族孕妇对钙、铁、锌相关知识的认知、服用及膳食摄入情况,探讨其可能的影响因素,为加强孕妇营养及进行健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用自行编制的问卷对在新疆昌吉州疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心就诊的250名回族孕妇进行调查,并对结果进行分析。结果在250名调查对象中,钙、铁、锌知晓率分别为60.4%、69.6%、57.6%,服用率分别为45.6%、55.6%、22.4%;不同年龄的孕妇钙、铁、锌的知晓情况差异均有统计学意义(x~2值分别为10.217、17.351、15.137,均P<0.05);不同文化程度的孕妇钙、铁的知晓情况差异均有统计学意义(x~2值分别为3.775、36.336,均P<0.05);不同家庭人均月收入的孕妇钙、铁、锌的知晓情况差异均有统计学意义(x~2值分别为24.637、9.878、17.107,均P<0.05);不同职业的孕妇对钙、铁、锌的知晓情况差异均有统计学意义(x~2值分别为10.731、11.632、16.328,均P<0.05)。不同家庭人均月收入的孕妇钙、铁、锌的服用情况差异均有统计学意义(x~2值分别为39.711、20.662、60.117,均P<0.05);不同职业的孕妇钙、铁、锌的服用情况差异均有统计学意义(x~2值分别为53.921、24.433、77.107,均P<0.05)。孕妇膳食钙、铁、锌的摄入水平均达到推荐摄入量(RNI)标准,影响孕期营养知识掌握的因素,经回归分析得其保护因素是年龄(β=-1.423,P<0.05)、文化程度(β=-1.202,P<0.05)、家庭人均月收入(β=-1.607,P<0.05)。结论加大对低文化程度、低年龄、低收入孕妇人群营养知识的宣教力度,可以保持和促进母婴健康。
Objective To investigate the possible influencing factors of the knowledge, taking and dietary intake of the related knowledge of calcium, iron and zinc in pregnant women in Changji, and to provide scientific basis for strengthening the nutrition and health education for pregnant women. Methods A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate 250 pregnant women of the Hui ethnic group who visited the MCH center in Changji CDC, Xinjiang, and the results were analyzed. Results The awareness rates of calcium, iron and zinc in the 250 subjects were 60.4%, 69.6% and 57.6%, respectively, and the rates of awareness were 45.6%, 55.6% and 22.4% respectively. The awareness of calcium, iron and zinc in pregnant women of different ages (X ~ 2 values were 10.217, 17.351 and 15.137 respectively, all P <0.05). There were significant differences in the knowledge of calcium and iron in pregnant women with different education levels (x ~ 2 values were 3.775, 36.336, all P <0.05). There were significant differences in the knowledge of calcium, iron and zinc in pregnant women with different monthly per capita income (x ~ 2 values were 24.637, 9.878 and 17.107, all P <0.05) The pregnant women of different occupations had statistically significant differences in the knowledge of calcium, iron and zinc (values of x ~ 2 were 10.731, 11.632 and 16.328, respectively, P <0.05). The pregnant women with different per capita monthly income had statistically significant differences in taking calcium, iron and zinc (x ~ 2 values were 39.711, 20.662 and 60.117 respectively, all P <0.05) There were significant differences between the two groups (x ~ 2 values were 53.921, 24.433, 77.107, all P <0.05). The dietary intake of calcium, iron and zinc of pregnant women reached the recommended intake (RNI) standard, which affected the mastery of nutritional knowledge during pregnancy. The protective factors were the age (β = -1.423, P <0.05) The educational level (β = -1.202, P <0.05), monthly per capita income (β = -1.607, P <0.05). Conclusion Increasing the awareness of nutritional knowledge among low-educational, low-age and low-income pregnant women can maintain and promote maternal and child health.