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埃及,人类四大文明古国之一。早在公元前2686年的旧王朝时期,农业耕作技术已经达到相当水平。古代埃及农业是与河流紧密相连的。每年尼罗河洪水的定期泛滥,为尼罗河流域内的耕地带来肥沃的淤泥。使耕地获得丰富的有机质,并且还为农业生产提供了丰沛的灌溉水源。在埃及的早期文明发展史上,尼罗河占据了关键的地位。就经济发展而言,尼罗河还为埃及提供了交通之便。在公元前1567年建立的新王朝之前,埃及的陆上交通实际上是不存在的。驴子是当时唯一的陆上运输工具。大量的商业运输以及旅行都几乎依赖尼罗河。随着近现代科学技术的发展,尤其是阿斯旺水坝等一系列水利设施的兴建,尼罗河特有的洪水几乎失去对埃及农业的影响。
Egypt, one of the four ancient civilizations of mankind. As early as 2686 BC in the old dynasty, agricultural farming techniques have reached a considerable level. Ancient Egyptian agriculture is closely linked with rivers. The annual flooding of the Nile River regularly raises fertile silt for cultivated land in the Nile Valley. The arable land is rich in organic matter and also provides abundant irrigation water for agricultural production. In Egypt’s early history of civilization, the Nile occupied a crucial position. In terms of economic development, the Nile also provides Egypt with access to transportation. Before the new dynasty was established in 1567 BC, Egypt’s land transportation actually did not exist. The donkey was the only land transport vehicle at the time. Massive commercial transport and travel rely almost entirely on the Nile. With the development of modern science and technology, especially the construction of a series of water conservancy facilities such as the Aswan Dam, the floods peculiar to the Nile River have almost lost their influence on Egypt’s agriculture.