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摘要:目的 探讨不同干燥方法对香茅挥发油成分和抗氧化活性的影响,优选最佳干燥方式。方法 通过晒干、阴干和40 ℃烘干干燥香茅药材,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取香茅挥发油,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析挥发油成分,亚铁还原能力实验测定香茅挥发油的抗氧化活性。结果 新鲜、晒干、阴干和40 ℃烘干的香茅挥发油提取率分别为0.25%、1.21%、1.19%和1.17%;不同干燥方法的香茅挥发油主要成分及抗氧化活性基本相同。结论 不同干燥方法对香茅挥发油主要成分及抗氧化活性影响不大,香茅宜采用40 ℃恒温烘干。
关键词:香茅;挥发油;干燥方法;成分分析;抗氧化活性
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2016.11.024
中图分类号:R284.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2016)11-0099-04
Abstract: Objective To discuss the effects of different drying methods on composition and antioxidative activities of the volatile oil from Cymbopogon citrates; To optimize the best drying method for Cymbopogon citrates. Methods Cymbopogon citrates was dried by drying in the sun, drying in the shade and oven drying at 40 ℃. Volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation. Chemical constituents in the volatile oil were analyzed by GC-MS and the antioxidative activities were determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP method). Results Extraction rate of the volatile oil from Cymbopogon citrates under the environment of freshness, sun drying, shade drying and oven drying at 40 ℃ were 0.25%, 1.21%, 1.19% and 1.17%, respectively; after dried by different methods, main constituents and antioxidative activities of the volatile oil from Cymbopogon citrates were basically same. Conclusion Different drying methods have little influence on composition and antioxidative activities of the volatile oil from Cymbopogon citrates. Oven drying at 40 ℃ was the best way to dry Cymbopogon citrates.
Key words: Cymbopogon citrates; volatile oil; drying methods; component analysis; antioxidative activities
香茅为禾本科香茅属植物香茅Cymbopogon citratus(DC.)Stapf的新鮮或干燥全草,原产地为南印度、斯里兰卡,常见品种有西印度柠檬香茅、东印度柠檬香茅。我国香茅资源亦十分丰富,华南、西南等地多有栽培。香茅味辛、甘,性温,归肺、胃、脾经,具有祛风通络、温中止痛、利湿止泻等功效,临床可用于治疗外感风寒头痛、风湿痹痛、脘腹冷痛、泄泻、水肿、脚气、跌打损伤、月经不调等[1-2]。香茅挥发油用途广泛,可作香水、洗发水、化妆品等的香料和食物调料,以及驱蚊剂[3-4]、杀虫剂[5],在巴西等国,香茅挥发油已开发成为一种清热解毒的保健茶[6]。香茅挥发油的化学成分和药理活性一直是国内外研究的热点[7-10]。本研究通过晒干、阴干和40 ℃烘干方式干燥香茅药材,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取香茅挥发油,并利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术和亚铁还原能力实验(FRAP法)分别测定挥发油成分和总抗氧化活性,探讨干燥方式对新鲜香茅挥发油主要成分、含量及抗氧化活性的影响,为香茅干燥方法的筛选提供参考。
1 仪器与试药
AR11401C型电子天平(奥豪斯国际贸易有限公司),挥发油测定器(上海玻璃仪器厂),TU-1901双光束紫外可见分光光度计(北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司),DK-98-ⅡA电热恒温水浴锅(天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司),101型电热鼓风干燥箱(北京中兴伟业仪器有限公司),GCMS-QP2010 Ultra气相色谱质谱联用仪(日本岛津,GC-MS Solution色谱工作站,标准谱库为美国NIST质谱检索数据库)。
香茅为人工栽培,2015年8月采摘于湖南省长沙市天际岭小山上,经湖南中医药大学药学院刘塔斯教授鉴定,为禾本科香茅属植物香茅Cymbopogon citratus(DC.)Stapf的干燥地上部分(柠檬香茅);醋酸乙酯、无水硫酸钠、三吡啶三吖嗪(TPTZ)、七水合硫酸亚铁、无水乙酸钠、无水乙醇、盐酸、六水合三氯化铁、冰醋酸、没食子酸丙酯(PG)等均为分析纯。
关键词:香茅;挥发油;干燥方法;成分分析;抗氧化活性
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2016.11.024
中图分类号:R284.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2016)11-0099-04
Abstract: Objective To discuss the effects of different drying methods on composition and antioxidative activities of the volatile oil from Cymbopogon citrates; To optimize the best drying method for Cymbopogon citrates. Methods Cymbopogon citrates was dried by drying in the sun, drying in the shade and oven drying at 40 ℃. Volatile oil was extracted by steam distillation. Chemical constituents in the volatile oil were analyzed by GC-MS and the antioxidative activities were determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP method). Results Extraction rate of the volatile oil from Cymbopogon citrates under the environment of freshness, sun drying, shade drying and oven drying at 40 ℃ were 0.25%, 1.21%, 1.19% and 1.17%, respectively; after dried by different methods, main constituents and antioxidative activities of the volatile oil from Cymbopogon citrates were basically same. Conclusion Different drying methods have little influence on composition and antioxidative activities of the volatile oil from Cymbopogon citrates. Oven drying at 40 ℃ was the best way to dry Cymbopogon citrates.
Key words: Cymbopogon citrates; volatile oil; drying methods; component analysis; antioxidative activities
香茅为禾本科香茅属植物香茅Cymbopogon citratus(DC.)Stapf的新鮮或干燥全草,原产地为南印度、斯里兰卡,常见品种有西印度柠檬香茅、东印度柠檬香茅。我国香茅资源亦十分丰富,华南、西南等地多有栽培。香茅味辛、甘,性温,归肺、胃、脾经,具有祛风通络、温中止痛、利湿止泻等功效,临床可用于治疗外感风寒头痛、风湿痹痛、脘腹冷痛、泄泻、水肿、脚气、跌打损伤、月经不调等[1-2]。香茅挥发油用途广泛,可作香水、洗发水、化妆品等的香料和食物调料,以及驱蚊剂[3-4]、杀虫剂[5],在巴西等国,香茅挥发油已开发成为一种清热解毒的保健茶[6]。香茅挥发油的化学成分和药理活性一直是国内外研究的热点[7-10]。本研究通过晒干、阴干和40 ℃烘干方式干燥香茅药材,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取香茅挥发油,并利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术和亚铁还原能力实验(FRAP法)分别测定挥发油成分和总抗氧化活性,探讨干燥方式对新鲜香茅挥发油主要成分、含量及抗氧化活性的影响,为香茅干燥方法的筛选提供参考。
1 仪器与试药
AR11401C型电子天平(奥豪斯国际贸易有限公司),挥发油测定器(上海玻璃仪器厂),TU-1901双光束紫外可见分光光度计(北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司),DK-98-ⅡA电热恒温水浴锅(天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司),101型电热鼓风干燥箱(北京中兴伟业仪器有限公司),GCMS-QP2010 Ultra气相色谱质谱联用仪(日本岛津,GC-MS Solution色谱工作站,标准谱库为美国NIST质谱检索数据库)。
香茅为人工栽培,2015年8月采摘于湖南省长沙市天际岭小山上,经湖南中医药大学药学院刘塔斯教授鉴定,为禾本科香茅属植物香茅Cymbopogon citratus(DC.)Stapf的干燥地上部分(柠檬香茅);醋酸乙酯、无水硫酸钠、三吡啶三吖嗪(TPTZ)、七水合硫酸亚铁、无水乙酸钠、无水乙醇、盐酸、六水合三氯化铁、冰醋酸、没食子酸丙酯(PG)等均为分析纯。