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在安全保障义务领域,传统上判断义务人的过失采用客观“理性人”标准说,该判断标准存在较大的适用模糊性。汉德公式作为法律经济学分析的代表,具有清晰化、直观化的特点。文章以安全保障义务领域作为切入点,尝试探讨汉德公式在该领域过失认定中适用的可能性,并以银行对储户账户的安全保障义务为例,解释银行在储户银行卡被盗刷的情况下怎样确定过失责任。汉德公式虽然在适用上存在困境,但其在司法实践中能促进法官打破惯性思维的束缚,作出相对公正的判决。
In the field of security obligation, the judgment of the obligor’s fault is traditionally based on the objective “rational person” standard, and there is a big ambiguity in the judgment standard. As a representative of law and economics analysis, the Hande formula has the characteristics of clarity and intuition. The article takes the field of security obligation as an entry point and attempts to explore the possibility of the application of the HAND formula in the judgment of fault in this field. Taking the bank’s obligation of safeguarding the account of savers as an example, this paper explains the bank’s stolen brush How to determine the fault liability. Although there are difficulties in applying the Chinese and German formulas, in the judicial practice, the Chinese and German formulas can promote judges to break the bondage of inertial thinking and make relatively fair judgments.