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【目的】研究控释肥不同用量对基质栽培番茄产量、品质及养分利用率的影响,确定其适宜的控释肥施用量.【方法】采用基质槽栽培方式,试验处理包括:不施肥处理(CK)、常规施肥处理(CF)、控释肥处理(CRF与CF总养分量相同)、N减量20%控释肥处理(CRF20)、N减量40%控释肥处理(CRF40)及N减量60%控释肥处理(CRF60).【结果】与CF相比,CRF20、CRF40的番茄各生育期的叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度显著增大,胞间CO2浓度显著减小;CRF20、CRF40较CF氮、磷、钾的利用率分别提高10.1%、15.4%,9.7%、12.5%和6.1%、10.0%,氮、磷、钾的积累量分别增加24.62%、27.09%,44.84%、57.84%和12.31%、20.21%,分别增产10.68%、36.03%;CRF40可显著提高可溶性糖含量,降低硝酸盐和有机酸含量.【结论】以控释肥替代尿素,在施N量减少40%的情况下在获得最高产量的同时,显著地改善了番茄品质.
【Objective】 The effects of controlled release fertilizer on yield, quality and nutrient utilization rate of matrix-grown tomato were studied to determine suitable application rate of controlled-release fertilizer. 【Method】 The cultivation methods of substrate- CK, CF, CRF and CF), 20% controlled release fertilizer (CRF20), 40% controlled release fertilizer (CRF40) and N reduced by 60% controlled release fertilizer treatment (CRF60). 【Result】 Compared with CF, the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance increased significantly in leaves of CRF20 and CRF40, and the intercellular CO2 concentration was significantly The utilization rate of CRF20 and CRF40 was increased by 10.1%, 15.4%, 9.7%, 12.5% and 6.1% and 10.0% respectively, and the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased by 24.62% and 27.09% respectively %, 44.84%, 57.84% and 12.31%, 20.21% respectively, which increased by 10.68% and 36.03% respectively. CRF40 could significantly increase soluble sugar content and decrease nitrate and organic acid content. 【Conclusion】 With controlled release fertilizer instead of urea, A 40% reduction in N yields significantly improved tomato quality while achieving the highest yields.