本文是“铝合金锻件的涡流、穿流和低倍粗晶”一文(见本刊1980年第四期)的继续,目的是较全面地介绍铝合金锻件比较特殊的缺陷。除穿流、射穿和低倍粗晶外,文中讨论了另外11种缺陷的特征、识别方法及其形成原因。铝合金锻件除了有与钢锻件相同的外形缺陷,如充不满、错移、弯曲等以外,由于材料组织和性质上的不同,还经常出现一些比较特殊的缺陷。比起几何外形方面的缺陷来,这些比较特殊的缺陷,原因复杂,不易辨认,常常给生产造成困难。所以,能够识别不同类型的缺陷并了解其形成原因,是十分重要的。因为,只有这样,才能在生产中检查和预防它们。尽管铝合金锻件生产的历史较久,积累的文献资料较多;但是关于铝合金锻件特殊缺陷方面的论述却不多见。为此,本文根据对生产实际资料广泛的搜集和研究,对铝合金锻件比较特殊的缺陷进行一些讨论。 This article is the continuation of “Eddy Current, Flow Through and Coarse Grained Crystals for Aluminum Alloy Forgings” (see Issue 4, 1980), aiming to provide a more complete overview of the more specific defects of aluminum alloy forgings. In addition to the flow through, shot through and low-coarse-grained, the article discusses the other 11 kinds of defects in the characteristics of the identification method and its formation. In addition to the aluminum alloy forgings and steel forgings the same shape defects, such as filling dissatisfaction, misalignment, bending, etc., due to the different material structure and nature, but also often appear some special defects. Compared to the geometric shape of the defects, these more specific defects, the reasons for the complex, not easy to identify, often to produce difficult. Therefore, it is important to be able to identify different types of defects and understand their causes. Because, the only way to check and prevent them in production. Although aluminum alloy forgings have a long history of production and a great deal of literature has been accumulated, there are few reports on the special defects of aluminum alloy forgings. Therefore, this article based on the actual production of a wide range of data collection and research on the aluminum alloy forgings more special defects for some discussion.