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自噬是指细胞内细胞器和蛋白质等在溶酶体被降解及其降解产物被重新利用的过程。日本科学家大隅良典(Yoshinori Ohsumi)发现了15个自噬相关基因并阐述了自噬机制,获得2016年诺贝尔生理学与医学奖。他的开创性研究成果为探讨细胞自噬的生理和病理作用奠定了重要基础,并为通过调节细胞自噬治疗疾病开辟了新途径。自噬是一种普遍性细胞反应,正常情况下细胞自噬水平很低,受生理或病理性刺激后自噬水平显著升高。自噬相关基因缺失或自噬功能障碍时可导致某些疾病的发生。近来,人们试图通过激活或抑制细胞自噬预防和治疗自噬障碍相关性疾病。
Autophagy refers to intracellular organelles and proteins in the lysosome is degraded and its degradation products are reused. Yoshinori Ohsumi, a Japanese scientist, discovered 15 autophagy-related genes and elaborated the mechanism of autophagy and won the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. His pioneering research laid the foundation for exploring the physiological and pathological effects of autophagy and opened up new avenues for the treatment of diseases by regulating autophagy. Autophagy is a universal cellular response. Under normal conditions, the level of autophagy is very low, and the level of autophagy is significantly increased after being stimulated by physiological or pathological factors. Loss of autophagy-related genes or autophagy dysfunction can lead to certain diseases. Recently, there have been attempts to prevent and treat autophagy-related diseases by activating or inhibiting autophagy.