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<正>CD40 and CD40L belong to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily and the TNF superfamily, respectively. Evidence is accumulating that indicates the importance of this receptor-ligand pair in the initiation and regulation of the human immune response. The expression of CD40 and the absence of CD40L on tumor cells are relevant to the generation of tumors and their immune-escape. The forced expression of CD40L gene in tumor cells can enhance antigen-presentation, the expression of adhesion and costimulatory molecules, and improve the efficacy of antigen-specific CTL response. In this article, both basic and clinical researches suggesting the involvement of the CD40-CD40L interaction with various tumors are reviewed. The results of clinical trials from triggering CD40-CD40L signaling pathway are analyzed. The forced expression of CD40L gene in tumor cells has been reported to be a promising novel therapeutic approach for cancer therapy. However, the paradox of CD40-CD40L signaling pathway in tumorgensis attracts us to further investigate this field.