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这篇文章试图阐述德国地区集聚的宏观和微观经济效应。集聚的定义建立在产业近似、地区邻近的基础上。本文首先确定城市产业集群对德国经济的定量影响,以尝试评价集群的宏观经济作用。城市产业集群(定义为产业群和城市群)对总资产和就业具有重要的作用。这是由于积聚地汇集了众多大型集团公司的总部。接着,通过多元回归研究城市产业集群对于公司增长的微观经济效应。即使控制了其他的增长变量(规模、年龄、产业),城市产业集群仍发挥着重要的积极作用。这种积极作用究竟是来自于理论文献中提到的企业共同分布还是来自于子公司的增长,有待进一步的研究。
This article attempts to illustrate the macro and micro economic effects of agglomeration in Germany. The definition of agglomeration is based on industry proximity and regional proximity. This paper first determines the quantitative impact of urban industrial clusters on the German economy in an attempt to evaluate the macroeconomic role of the cluster. Urban industrial clusters (defined as industrial clusters and urban agglomerations) play an important role in total assets and employment. This is due to the accumulation of many large group company headquarters. Then, we study the microeconomic effects of urban industrial clusters on firm growth through multiple regression. Even though other growth variables (size, age, industry) are controlled, urban industrial clusters still play an important positive role. Whether this positive effect comes from the common distribution of the enterprises mentioned in the theoretical documents or from the growth of the subsidiaries remains to be further studied.