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目的了解铅中毒儿童的运动功能与心理学特点,探讨干预措施。方法对铅中毒儿童作运动、个性、行为、智力、适应能力测试,进行心理干预,并与健康儿童作比较。结果铅中毒儿童的精细运动、视—动控制评分低于健康组,N质个性高于健康组(P<0.05);行为问题发生率为30,男孩多有攻击行为,女孩表现为抑郁、社会退缩;患儿平均IQ为105.75,与健康组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),但D、E单元得分低于健康组(P<0.001),适应能力商数为102.31,健康组为107.83,主要为社会/自制因子得分低于健康组(P<0.001);干预后患儿N质个性及行为因子评分降低,与干预前相比P<0.05。结论儿童运动功能较认识功能更易受到铅毒性作用的损害;铅中毒儿童显示情绪不稳定的个性特点,存在明显的行为问题,且血铅与行为异常存在剂量—效应关系,无可以接受的安全水平;尽管智商差异不显著,但铅中毒儿童的类比推理能力和社会适应能力,尤其是社会/自制因子明显低下,与血铅水平呈极显著负相关;心理干预可改善其个性行为异常。
Objective To understand the motor function and psychological characteristics of children with lead poisoning and to explore intervention measures. Methods Children with lead poisoning were tested for physical activity, personality, behavior, intelligence and aptitude, and their psychological intervention was compared with that of healthy children. Results The children with lead poisoning showed fine motor and visual-motor control scores lower than those in healthy group, while those with N-type personality were higher than those in healthy group (P <0.05). The incidence of behavioral problems was 30% in boys with aggressive behaviors and in girls with depression, (P> 0.05). However, the score of unit D and E was lower than that of healthy group (P <0.001), the quotient of adaptability was 102.31, while that of healthy group was 107.83, mainly because the score of social / self-made factor was lower than that of healthy group (P <0.001). After intervention, children’s N personality and behavior factor score decreased, P <0.05 compared with pre-intervention. Conclusion Children’s motor function is more susceptible to lead toxicity than cognitive function. Children with lead poisoning show emotional instability personality characteristics, and have obvious behavioral problems, and there is dose-effect relationship between blood lead and behavioral abnormalities, with no acceptable safety level . Although the difference of IQ was not significant, the children with lead poisoning had significantly negative correlations between analogical reasoning ability and social adaptability, especially social / self-made factor, and blood lead level. Psychological intervention could improve their personality and behavior abnormality.