肺部感染是一个重大的健康问题,肺炎和有关的肺部感染是十大死亡原因之一。虽然有了抗微生物药物,但细菌性肺炎仍然是死亡的主要原因。大多数细菌性肺炎是由肺炎球菌、肺炎杆菌和葡萄球菌所引起,大多数院外的肺炎是由细菌、支原体和病毒三者所引起。但厌氧菌和固紫染色阴性细菌所致的肺炎正在增加。在住院病人中病原检出情况有明显改变,半数肺炎由固紫染色阴性细 Pulmonary infection is a major health problem and pneumonia and related lung infections are one of the top 10 causes of death. Although there are antimicrobial drugs, bacterial pneumonia is still the leading cause of death. Most bacterial pneumonia is caused by pneumococci, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, and most extra-nosocomial pneumonia is caused by bacteria, mycoplasmas and viruses. However, pneumonia caused by anaerobic bacteria and solid violet-staining negative bacteria is increasing. Pathogen detection in hospitalized patients have significantly changed the situation, half of pneumonia by solid purple staining negative thin