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图1所示是高物理课本中测量电池内、外电压的实验装置。图中a和b是两个探针,它们分别靠近两边电极A和B放置,用来测定内电路的电压。实验时,靠近电池正极A的探针a与伏特表V′的负接线柱连接。靠近电池负极B的探针b与伏特表V′的正接线柱连接,有的学生提出:a靠近电池正极电势较高,b靠近电池负极电势较低,因此上述伏特表V′的正、负接线柱的接线反了！要说明这一问题,需要先将电池内部电势的变化搞清楚。
Figure 1 shows an experimental device for measuring the internal and external voltage of a battery in a high-physics textbook. In the figure, a and b are two probes placed near the two electrodes A and B, respectively, for measuring the voltage of the internal circuit. During the experiment, probe a close to the positive electrode A of the battery was connected to the negative terminal of the voltmeter V’. The probe b close to the negative electrode B of the battery is connected to the positive terminal of the voltmeter V′. Some students propose that: a near the positive potential of the battery is higher, and b is near the negative potential of the battery is lower, so the positive and negative of the above-mentioned voltmeter V′ Terminal wiring is reversed! To illustrate this issue, it is necessary to clarify the changes in the internal potential of the battery.