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[目的]探讨中小学留守学生心理健康状况。[方法]运用多阶段随机分层抽样的方法,抽取湖北省汉川市3个乡镇共561名小学生和1987名中学生,应用SCL-90心理健康测量量表,比较中小学留守儿童量表得分的差异。[结果]除阳性症状痛苦水平外,小学生各项因子得分均低于初中学生。小学留守学生在躯体化(F=12.533)、抑郁(F=11.312)、恐怖(F=5.925)、精神病性(F=8.354)等因子和总分(F=5.995)、总症状指数(F=5.995)、阳性症状痛苦水平(F=17.318)的得分,显著高于非留守小学生。中学留守学生在恐怖因子(F=4.332)和阳性症状痛苦水平(F=5.588)的得分,显著高于非留守中学生。中学留守学生在强迫症状(F=42.572)、人际关系(F=39.092)、抑郁(F=15.051)、焦虑(F=9.462)、敌对(F=5.401)、恐怖(F=8.632)、偏执(F=13.844)、精神病症状因子(F=13.522)和总分(F=19.636)、总症状指数(F=19.636)、阳性项目数(F=36.068)的得分,显著高于小学留守学生。[结论]父母双方外出打工会导致中小学留守学生出现心理问题,对中学留守儿童造成的心理危害比小学留守儿童更严重。
[Objective] To investigate the mental health of left-behind students in primary and secondary schools. [Methods] A total of 561 primary school students and 1987 secondary school students from 3 towns and villages in Hanchuan City, Hubei Province were drawn using multi-stage random stratified sampling method. SCL-90 mental health scale was used to compare scores of left-behind children scale in primary and secondary schools difference. [Results] Except for the pain level of positive symptoms, all factors of pupils were lower than junior high school students. The scores of somatization (F = 12.533), depression (F = 11.312), horror (F = 5.925) and psychosis (F = 8.354) and total score (F = 5.995) 5.995), the score of positive symptom pain level (F = 17.318) was significantly higher than that of non-left-behind pupils. The scores of left-behind students in middle school were significantly higher than those of non-left-behind middle-school students in terms of terror factors (F = 4.332) and positive symptoms of pain (F = 5.588). The scores of left-behind students in secondary schools were significantly higher than those of secondary school students in obsessive-compulsive disorder (F = 42.572), interpersonal (F = 39.092), depression (F = 15.051), anxiety (F = 9.462), hostility F = 13.844). The scores of psychiatric symptoms (F = 13.522) and total score (F = 19.636), total symptom index (F = 19.636) and number of positive items (F = 36.068) were significantly higher than those of primary school students. [Conclusion] Both parents go out to work and work, which may cause psychological problems for left behind students in primary and secondary schools. The psychological hazard to left behind children in middle school is more serious than left behind children in primary school.