超声波探伤常见的内部缺陷有非金属夹杂物、白点、裂纹、缩孔、疏松等,这些缺陷在锻件技术条件中一般有详细规定,易于处理。另一种不常见的内部缺陷——偏析,在波型上不易和非金属夹杂物、白点、疏松加以区别,加之对此无明文规定,而大型锻件又易于产生偏析,因此要认真对待。例如有一底封头锻件探伤结果是φ3密集区面积大于探伤总面积的5％,缺陷被判为非金属夹杂物,按JB755-73规定为超标件;如果 Ultrasonic flaw detection common internal defects are non-metallic inclusions, white spots, cracks, shrinkage, porosity, etc., these defects in the forging conditions generally have detailed provisions, easy to handle. Another uncommon internal defect - segregation, is not easily distinguishable from non-metallic inclusions, white spots, and looseness in wave patterns, and there is no clear rule about this. Large forgings are prone to segregation and should therefore be taken seriously. For example, there is a bottom head forgings flaw detection results is φ3 dense area greater than 5% of the total flaw detection, defects were judged as non-metallic inclusions, according to JB755-73 provisions of the excessive standard; if