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目的:探讨医学生负性生活事件特点及心理疾病倾向。方法:采用《症状自评量表》和《青少年生活事件量表》,对1 964名医学本科生进行问卷调查。结果:受调查人群各项负性生活事件均有较高的报告率,考试失败或不理想、学习负担重、被人误会或错怪、长期远离家人不能团聚、生活习惯明显变化、与同学或好友发生纠纷等事件所占比例均>60%。各项负性生活事件应激强度较高的为:学习压力、人际因子、健康适应因子;心理疾病倾向各维度得分较高的为:强迫症状、人际敏感、抑郁、敌对和焦虑。负性生活事件报告率男生高于女生、大三高于大二;应激因子中除学习压力外,男生的应激量均高于女生;抑郁、焦虑和恐怖心理维度得分女生高于男生,偏执因子得分男生高于女生,差异均有统计学意义。负性生活事件各因子,尤其是学习因子和健康因子,与心理疾病倾向各因子广泛相关。结论:负性生活事件可能增加焦虑、抑郁等心理疾病倾向。应根据生活事件的发生频率、应激量及其对心理健康的影响程度,有针对性地对大学生进行心理教育。
Objective: To discuss the characteristics of negative life events and the tendency of mental illness among medical students. Methods: A total of 1 964 medical undergraduates were surveyed by using “self-rating symptom scale” and “adolescent life event scale”. Results: All the negative life events of the surveyed population had higher reported rate, failure or unsatisfactory test, heavy study burden, misunderstanding or misunderstanding, long-term staying away from family members, obvious change of living habits, and students or friends Disputes and other incidents accounted for more than 60%. The stress intensity of various negative life events were as follows: study stress, interpersonal factor and health adaptation factor; mental illness tended to score higher in all dimensions: obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility and anxiety. Male students were higher than female students in negative sex life events, but higher in sophomore than in sophomore. Except for learning stress, stress was higher in boys than in girls; female students in depression, anxiety and terror psychology scores were higher than boys, Paranoid factors score boys than girls, the differences were statistically significant. Factors of negative life events, especially learning factors and health factors, are closely related to various factors of mental illness predisposition. Conclusion: Negative life events may increase anxiety, depression and other mental diseases. According to the frequency of occurrence of life events, the amount of stress and its impact on mental health, targeted psychological education of college students.