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大量的水力压裂裂缝诊断项目是从2001年夏天伴随着测斜仪(地面和井下的)和微地震监测等综合裂缝诊断技术的发展而展开的。通过这样的诊断工作可以收集到大量数据,从而更清楚地了解北得克萨斯页岩中十分复杂的裂缝特性。同时,详细的裂缝监测结果使建立校准用三维裂缝模拟器成为可能,该模拟器能够更好地反映该页岩压裂时真实的破裂机理。该模拟器不只是一种简单的校准,实际上它是一种对压裂裂缝生成的全新理解。清水压裂或“低密度砂”压裂工艺的发展,使得在Barnett页岩的钻井和再压裂计划获得新生。这种超低渗透率储层的开发主要依赖于一种长而宽的裂缝通道的建立,这样的裂缝通道能够将大量的非常复杂的裂缝网络连通,从而增大泄油面积。了解人造裂缝的几何形态是改进任何增产措施或加密井效果的关键,尤其对于有非常规裂缝网络系统存在的地区。综合裂缝诊断技术使我们对新压裂工艺、重复压裂和加密钻井有了更深的认识。创造了一种新的评价大量微地震数据的方法。微地震分析与地面和井下裂缝测斜技术相结合就可以分析人造裂缝网络的特征。随着压裂模型向实测裂缝特征的逼进,生产响应和各压裂参数之间的相关关系将得到确认。
A large number of hydraulic fracturing diagnostic projects began in the summer of 2001 with the development of comprehensive fracture diagnosis techniques such as inclinometer (surface and downhole) and microseismic monitoring. With this diagnostic work, a large amount of data can be collected to provide a clearer picture of the complex fracture characteristics in the North Texas shale. At the same time, detailed crack monitoring results make it possible to establish a calibrated three-dimensional fracture simulator that better reflects the true fracture mechanism during fracturing of the shale. This simulator is more than just a simple calibration, but it is actually a new understanding of fracturing. The development of fresh-water fracturing or “low-density sand” fracturing processes has given new life to drilling and re-fracturing programs in the Barnett Shale. The development of this ultra-low permeability reservoir relies primarily on the creation of a long, wide fracture channel that can connect a large number of very complex fracture networks to increase the drainage area. Understanding the geometry of artificial fractures is the key to improving any stimulation or infill well performance, especially for areas where an unconventional fracture network exists. Integrated fracture diagnosis technology enables us to have a deeper understanding of the new fracturing technology, repeated fracturing and infill drilling. A new method for evaluating microseismic data has been created. The combination of microseismic analysis with ground and subsurface fracture sloping techniques can analyze the characteristics of artificial fracture networks. As the fracturing model advances towards the measured fracture characteristics, the correlation between the production response and each fracturing parameter will be confirmed.